महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-29

धर्मेण राज्यं विन्देत धर्मेण परिपालयेत् ।
धर्ममूलां श्रियं प्राप्य न जहाति न हीयते ॥२९॥

29. dharmeṇa rājyaṁ vindeta dharmeṇa paripālayet ,
dharmamūlāṁ śriyaṁ prāpya na jahāti na hīyate.

29. dharmeṇa rājyam vindeta dharmeṇa paripālayet
dharmamūlām śriyam prāpya na jahāti na hīyate

29. One should acquire a kingdom through adherence to natural law (dharma) and protect it by natural law (dharma). Having obtained prosperity that is rooted in natural law (dharma), one neither abandons it nor does it diminish.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through adherence to natural law (dharma) (by dharma, by righteousness, through the natural law)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - a kingdom (kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule)

• विन्देत (vindeta) - one should acquire (one should obtain, one should acquire, one should find)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law (dharma) (by dharma, by righteousness, through the natural law)

• परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - protect it (one should protect, one should maintain, one should guard)

• धर्ममूलाम् (dharmamūlām) - rooted in natural law (dharma) (having dharma as its root, founded on dharma, rooted in righteousness)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, auspiciousness)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having acquired, after attaining)

• न (na) - neither (not, no, nor)

• जहाति (jahāti) - abandons (abandons, forsakes, gives up, leaves)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• हीयते (hīyate) - does it diminish (is diminished, is lost, is abandoned, suffers loss)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through adherence to natural law (dharma) (by dharma, by righteousness, through the natural law)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - a kingdom (kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule

Derived from rāj (king) with suffix -ya

Root: rāj

Note: Object of 'vindeta'.

विन्देत (vindeta) - one should acquire (one should obtain, one should acquire, one should find)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vid

Optative Mood

Root vid (to obtain, find), atmanepada ending

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: This is the ātmanepada form of the optative.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law (dharma) (by dharma, by righteousness, through the natural law)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - protect it (one should protect, one should maintain, one should guard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of paripāl

Optative Mood

Derived from root pā (to protect) with prefix pari (completely, around) and causal suffix -ay

Prefix: pari

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: This is the parasmaipada form of the optative.

धर्ममूलाम् (dharmamūlām) - rooted in natural law (dharma) (having dharma as its root, founded on dharma, rooted in righteousness)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmamūla

dharmamūla - having dharma as its root, founded on dharma

Compound of dharma (righteousness) and mūla (root)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+mūla)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• mūla – root, foundation, origin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'śriyam'.

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, auspiciousness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, auspiciousness

Root: śrī

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having acquired, after attaining)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra (forth) and suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

न (na) - neither (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

जहाति (jahāti) - abandons (abandons, forsakes, gives up, leaves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hā

Present Tense

Root hā (to abandon), reduplicated form in class 3, parasmaipada

Root: hā (class 3)

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects two negative clauses.

हीयते (hīyate) - does it diminish (is diminished, is lost, is abandoned, suffers loss)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of hā

Present Tense

Root hā (to diminish, to waste away), passive voice or middle voice (intransitive), atmanepada

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: This is the ātmanepada form of the root 'hā' (to lose, to be diminished). It is typically intransitive.