महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-54

अविजित्य य आत्मानममात्यान्विजिगीषते ।
अमित्रान्वाजितामात्यः सोऽवशः परिहीयते ॥५४॥

54. avijitya ya ātmānamamātyānvijigīṣate ,
amitrānvājitāmātyaḥ so'vaśaḥ parihīyate.

54. avijitya yaḥ ātmānam amātyān vijigīṣate
amitrān vā ajitāmātyaḥ saḥ avaśaḥ parihīyate

54. Whoever desires to conquer his ministers or his enemies without first conquering his own self (ātman)—such a person, whose own ministers remain unconquered, helplessly declines.

Words meanings summery:

• अविजित्य (avijitya) - without conquering, without overcoming

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, soul

• अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, courtiers, companions

• विजिगीषते (vijigīṣate) - desires to conquer, wishes to overcome

• अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अजितामात्यः (ajitāmātyaḥ) - one whose ministers are unconquered

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, uncontrolled

• परिहीयते (parihīyate) - is lost, declines, suffers loss, is abandoned

Words meanings and morphology

अविजित्य (avijitya) - without conquering, without overcoming

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root ji (to conquer) with upasargas vi- and a- (negative) and suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: ji (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, soul

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, ego, essence

Note: Object of the gerund 'avijitya'.

अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, courtiers, companions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, cabinet member, companion

Derived from amā (at home, together) + -tya (suffix).

Note: Object of 'vijigīṣate'.

विजिगीषते (vijigīṣate) - desires to conquer, wishes to overcome

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vijigīṣ

Desiderative

Desiderative of root ji (to conquer) with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, not a friend

Negative compound of a- and mitra (friend).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'vijigīṣate'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अजितामात्यः (ajitāmātyaḥ) - one whose ministers are unconquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajitāmātya

ajitāmātya - one whose ministers are unconquered, having unconquered ministers

Bahuvrihi compound: ajita (unconquered) + amātya (minister).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ajita+amātya)

• ajita – unconquered, unsubdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (negative)
  Negative compound of a- and jita (conquered, from root ji).
  Prefix: a
  Root: ji (class 1)
• amātya – minister, cabinet member, companion
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from amā (at home, together) + -tya (suffix).

Note: Refers to 'saḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, uncontrolled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, powerless, dependent, uncontrolled

Negative compound of a- and vaśa (control, power, will).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vaśa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vaśa – will, power, control, subjection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'saḥ'.

परिहीयते (parihīyate) - is lost, declines, suffers loss, is abandoned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of hā

Prefix: pari

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.