महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-4

विदुर उवाच ।
शुभं वा यदि वा पापं द्वेष्यं वा यदि वा प्रियम् ।
अपृष्टस्तस्य तद्ब्रूयाद्यस्य नेच्छेत्पराभवम् ॥४॥

4. vidura uvāca ,
śubhaṁ vā yadi vā pāpaṁ dveṣyaṁ vā yadi vā priyam ,
apṛṣṭastasya tadbrūyādyasya necchetparābhavam.

4. vidura uvāca śubham vā yadi vā pāpam dveṣyam vā yadi vā
priyam apṛṣṭaḥ tasya tat brūyāt yasya na icchet parābhavam

4. Vidura said: One should tell the truth, whether it is favorable or unfavorable, unpleasant or agreeable, even if unasked, to a person whose ruin one does not desire.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शुभम् (śubham) - good, auspicious

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or

• पापम् (pāpam) - evil, sin, wrongdoing

• द्वेष्यम् (dveṣyam) - hateful, unpleasant

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, pleasant, agreeable

• अपृष्टः (apṛṣṭaḥ) - unasked, unsolicited

• तस्य (tasya) - to him, of him

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the advice/truth)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak/tell

• यस्य (yasya) - whose

• न (na) - not

• इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should wish

• पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, ruin, destruction

Words meanings and morphology

विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शुभम् (śubham) - good, auspicious

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - good, auspicious, fortunate, beautiful

Note: Can also be accusative

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

पापम् (pāpam) - evil, sin, wrongdoing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, vice, wrongdoing; misfortune

Note: Can also be accusative

द्वेष्यम् (dveṣyam) - hateful, unpleasant

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dveṣya

dveṣya - to be hated, hateful, disagreeable, hostile

Gerundive

Derived from root dviṣ (to hate)

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Can also be accusative

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, pleasant, agreeable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, desired

Note: Can also be accusative

अपृष्टः (apṛṣṭaḥ) - unasked, unsolicited

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apṛṣṭa

apṛṣṭa - unasked, unquestioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pṛcch (to ask) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pṛṣṭa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• pṛṣṭa – asked, questioned
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pṛcch (to ask)
  Root: pṛcch (class 6)

तस्य (tasya) - to him, of him

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can also be genitive

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the advice/truth)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak/tell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

यस्य (yasya) - whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should wish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, ruin, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parābhava

parābhava - defeat, overthrow, destruction, ruin, humiliation

Derived from root bhū (to be) with prefix parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)