महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-59

अनर्थमर्थतः पश्यन्नर्थं चैवाप्यनर्थतः ।
इन्द्रियैः प्रसृतो बालः सुदुःखं मन्यते सुखम् ॥५९॥

59. anarthamarthataḥ paśyannarthaṁ caivāpyanarthataḥ ,
indriyaiḥ prasṛto bālaḥ suduḥkhaṁ manyate sukham.

59. anartham arthataḥ paśyan artham ca eva api anarthataḥ
indriyaiḥ prasṛtaḥ bālaḥ suduḥkham manyate sukham

59. An immature person, driven by the senses, considers great suffering to be happiness, seeing what is harmful as beneficial and what is truly beneficial as harmful.

Words meanings summery:

• अनर्थम् (anartham) - what is harmful, non-beneficial, evil

• अर्थतः (arthataḥ) - as beneficial, in terms of benefit, with respect to gain

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, perceiving

• अर्थम् (artham) - what is beneficial, purpose, wealth, gain

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अनर्थतः (anarthataḥ) - as harmful, in terms of harm, with respect to non-benefit

• इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - by the senses

• प्रसृतः (prasṛtaḥ) - engaged in, given over to, extended, spread

• बालः (bālaḥ) - an ignorant or immature person (a child, an ignorant person, a fool)

• सुदुख्हम् (sudukhham) - great suffering, intense misery

• मन्यते (manyate) - he considers, he thinks, he believes

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

Words meanings and morphology

अनर्थम् (anartham) - what is harmful, non-beneficial, evil

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - harm, misfortune, evil, futility

Compound of 'an' (negation) and 'artha' (purpose, meaning, wealth, benefit)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+artha)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, benefit, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative singular, acting as the object of 'paśyan'.

अर्थतः (arthataḥ) - as beneficial, in terms of benefit, with respect to gain

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'artha' with the suffix '-tas' (denoting 'from, by, as')

Note: Used adverbially.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, perceiving

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

dṛś - to see, perceive, behold

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (class 1), present stem 'paśya-'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अर्थम् (artham) - what is beneficial, purpose, wealth, gain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, benefit, object

Note: Accusative singular, object of 'paśyan'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

अनर्थतः (anarthataḥ) - as harmful, in terms of harm, with respect to non-benefit

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'anartha' with the suffix '-tas' (denoting 'from, by, as')

Note: Used adverbially.

इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - by the senses

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty of sense, power

Related to Indra, meaning 'belonging to Indra' or 'power, faculty'

Note: Denotes the agent of being 'driven' or 'spread'.

प्रसृतः (prasṛtaḥ) - engaged in, given over to, extended, spread

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasṛta

prasṛta - stretched out, gone forth, spread, engaged in, devoted to

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'pra' + root 'sṛ' (to move, flow)

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'bālaḥ'.

बालः (bālaḥ) - an ignorant or immature person (a child, an ignorant person, a fool)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, young, ignorant, foolish

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सुदुख्हम् (sudukhham) - great suffering, intense misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudukha

sudukha - great pain, intense suffering

Compound of 'su' (good, intense) and 'duḥkha' (suffering)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkha)

• su – good, well, very, intense
  indeclinable
  Prefix for intensification
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'manyate'.

मन्यते (manyate) - he considers, he thinks, he believes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root 'man' (class 4), present stem 'manya-'

Root: man (class 4)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

Note: Accusative singular, acting as the second object/predicate complement of 'manyate' (considers X as Y).