महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-73

वाक्संयमो हि नृपते सुदुष्करतमो मतः ।
अर्थवच्च विचित्रं च न शक्यं बहु भाषितुम् ॥७३॥

73. vāksaṁyamo hi nṛpate suduṣkaratamo mataḥ ,
arthavacca vicitraṁ ca na śakyaṁ bahu bhāṣitum.

73. vāk-saṃyamaḥ hi nṛpate sudurṣkaratamaḥ mataḥ
arthavat ca vicitram ca na śakyam bahu bhāṣitum

73. O king, control over speech (vāk-saṃyama) is indeed considered the most challenging. It is impossible to speak extensively while being both meaningful and diverse.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्-संयमः (vāk-saṁyamaḥ) - restraint of speech, control of voice

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

• सुदुर्ष्करतमः (sudurṣkaratamaḥ) - most difficult, exceedingly arduous

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, opined

• अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful, significant, substantial

• च (ca) - and, also

• विचित्रम् (vicitram) - varied, diverse, wonderful, eloquent

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, extensively

• भाषितुम् (bhāṣitum) - to speak, to say, to utter

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्-संयमः (vāk-saṁyamaḥ) - restraint of speech, control of voice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāksaṃyama

vāksaṁyama - restraint of speech, control of language

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāc+saṃyama)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• saṃyama – restraint, control, discipline
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root yam with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the discipline of speech, often associated with a form of tapas.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

particle

नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, monarch, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

सुदुर्ष्करतमः (sudurṣkaratamaḥ) - most difficult, exceedingly arduous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudurṣkaratama

sudurṣkaratama - most difficult, extremely hard to do

superlative adjective

superlative degree of duṣkara with prefix su (very)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duṣkaratama)

• su – very, good, well, easily
  indeclinable
  prefix
• duṣkaratama – most difficult, most arduous
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative adjective
  superlative of duṣkara
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective modifying an implied 'thing' or 'task'.

मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, opined

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, belief, considered, approved

past passive participle

derived from root man (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful, significant, substantial

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arthavat

arthavat - meaningful, significant, wealthy, having purpose

derived from artha with vat suffix

Note: Refers to the implied bhāṣitam (speaking).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

विचित्रम् (vicitram) - varied, diverse, wonderful, eloquent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vicitra

vicitra - varied, diverse, manifold, variegated, eloquent

Note: Refers to the implied bhāṣitam (speaking).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negative particle

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

(gerundive)

बहु (bahu) - much, many, extensively

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, numerous

भाषितुम् (bhāṣitum) - to speak, to say, to utter

(infinitive)