महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-74

अभ्यावहति कल्याणं विविधा वाक्सुभाषिता ।
सैव दुर्भाषिता राजन्ननर्थायोपपद्यते ॥७४॥

74. abhyāvahati kalyāṇaṁ vividhā vāksubhāṣitā ,
saiva durbhāṣitā rājannanarthāyopapadyate.

74. abhyāvahati kalyāṇam vividhā vāk subhāṣitā
sā eva durbhāṣitā rājan anarthāya upapadyate

74. Eloquent and varied speech brings about welfare. Yet, O king, that very same speech, when poorly spoken, leads to misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• अभ्यावहति (abhyāvahati) - brings about, produces, causes, carries

• कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare, prosperity, auspiciousness, good fortune

• विविधा (vividhā) - diverse, varied, manifold

• वाक् (vāk) - speech, word, voice

• सुभाषिता (subhāṣitā) - well-spoken, eloquent, good speech

• सा (sā) - Refers to vāk (speech). (that (feminine))

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, very

• दुर्भाषिता (durbhāṣitā) - ill-spoken, harsh speech, bad speech

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• अनर्थाय (anarthāya) - for misfortune, for evil, for harm

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - results in, leads to, arises, becomes suitable

Words meanings and morphology

अभ्यावहति (abhyāvahati) - brings about, produces, causes, carries

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vah

from root vah (1st class), with prefixes abhi and ā

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vah (class 1)

कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare, prosperity, auspiciousness, good fortune

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - welfare, good, auspicious, excellent, virtue

विविधा (vividhā) - diverse, varied, manifold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of many kinds

वाक् (vāk) - speech, word, voice

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

सुभाषिता (subhāṣitā) - well-spoken, eloquent, good speech

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of subhāṣita

subhāṣita - well-spoken, eloquent, good saying, maxim

past passive participle

derived from root bhāṣ with prefix su

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bhāṣita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bhāṣita – spoken, said, told
  participle (feminine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root bhāṣ
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

सा (sā) - Refers to vāk (speech). (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, very

(indeclinable)

particle

दुर्भाषिता (durbhāṣitā) - ill-spoken, harsh speech, bad speech

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durbhāṣita

durbhāṣita - ill-spoken, badly spoken, abusive speech

past passive participle

derived from root bhāṣ with prefix dur

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+bhāṣita)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bhāṣita – spoken, said, told
  participle (feminine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root bhāṣ
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, monarch

अनर्थाय (anarthāya) - for misfortune, for evil, for harm

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, harm, meaninglessness

compound of an (negation) and artha (purpose, meaning, wealth)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+artha)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, aim
  noun (masculine)

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - results in, leads to, arises, becomes suitable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pad

from root pad (4th class, Ātmanepada), with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)