महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-58

एतान्यनिगृहीतानि व्यापादयितुमप्यलम् ।
अविधेया इवादान्ता हयाः पथि कुसारथिम् ॥५८॥

58. etānyanigṛhītāni vyāpādayitumapyalam ,
avidheyā ivādāntā hayāḥ pathi kusārathim.

58. etāni anigṛhītāni vyāpādayitum api alam
avidheyāḥ iva adāntāḥ hayāḥ pathi kusārathim

58. These (senses), if uncontrolled, are capable of destroying (a person), just as untamed and unmanageable horses on the road are capable of destroying a bad charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• एतानि (etāni) - these (referring to the senses from the previous verse) (these, these ones)

• अनिगृहीतानि (anigṛhītāni) - uncontrolled (uncontrolled, unsubdued, unrestrained)

• व्यापादयितुम् (vyāpādayitum) - to destroy (to cause to perish, to destroy, to kill)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• अलम् (alam) - are capable (able, capable, sufficient, enough)

• अविधेयाः (avidheyāḥ) - unruly, unmanageable (unruly, disobedient, unmanageable)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)

• अदान्ताः (adāntāḥ) - untamed (untamed, uncurbed, unsubdued)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• पथि (pathi) - on the road (on the path, on the road)

• कुसारथिम् (kusārathim) - a bad charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

एतानि (etāni) - these (referring to the senses from the previous verse) (these, these ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Subject.

अनिगृहीतानि (anigṛhītāni) - uncontrolled (uncontrolled, unsubdued, unrestrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of anigṛhīta

anigṛhīta - uncontrolled, unsubdued, unrestrained, unheld

Negation of nigṛhīta (controlled), formed with a prefix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+nigṛhīta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nigṛhīta – controlled, restrained, held
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √grah (to seize, hold) with ni prefix.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Qualifies etāni.

व्यापादयितुम् (vyāpādayitum) - to destroy (to cause to perish, to destroy, to kill)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vyāpādayitum

infinitive (causative)

Infinitive of the causative of vi + ā + √pad (to fall).

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose or capability.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अलम् (alam) - are capable (able, capable, sufficient, enough)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

अविधेयाः (avidheyāḥ) - unruly, unmanageable (unruly, disobedient, unmanageable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avidheya

avidheya - unruly, disobedient, unmanageable, not subject to rule

Negation of vidheya (obedient), formed with a prefix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vidheya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vidheya – obedient, manageable, to be ordained
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √dhā (to place, hold) with vi prefix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies hayāḥ.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

अदान्ताः (adāntāḥ) - untamed (untamed, uncurbed, unsubdued)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adānta

adānta - untamed, uncurbed, unsubdued, uncontrolled

Negation of dānta (tamed), formed with a prefix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dānta – disciplined, subdued, self-controlled, tamed, calm
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dam (to tame, subdue).
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies hayāḥ.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

Root: hi

पथि (pathi) - on the road (on the path, on the road)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way, course

Root: path

Note: Locative of pathin.

कुसारथिम् (kusārathim) - a bad charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kusārathi

kusārathi - bad charioteer, poor driver

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ku+sārathi)

• ku – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sa + ā + √sṛ (to go, move).
  Prefixes: sa+ā
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of implied destruction.