महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-116, verse-6

कथमायुरवाप्नोति कथं भवति सत्त्ववान् ।
कथमव्यङ्गतामेति लक्षण्यो जायते कथम् ॥६॥

6. kathamāyuravāpnoti kathaṁ bhavati sattvavān ,
kathamavyaṅgatāmeti lakṣaṇyo jāyate katham.

6. katham āyuḥ avāpnoti katham bhavati sattvavān
katham avyaṅgatām eti lakṣaṇyaḥ jāyate katham

6. katham āyuḥ avāpnoti katham sattvavān bhavati
katham avyaṅgatām eti katham lakṣaṇyaḥ jāyate

6. How does one attain a long life? How does one become endowed with strength of character? How does one achieve freedom from physical defect? How does one become endowed with auspicious marks?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - long life, longevity (life, duration of life, longevity)

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - attains (attains, obtains, reaches)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, exists)

• सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - endowed with strength of character (strong-willed, courageous, possessing goodness, potent)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• अव्यङ्गताम् (avyaṅgatām) - freedom from physical defect (freedom from defect, completeness, perfection)

• एति (eti) - achieves (goes, comes, attains, reaches)

• लक्षण्यः (lakṣaṇyaḥ) - endowed with auspicious marks (endowed with distinguishing marks, auspicious, propitious)

• जायते (jāyate) - becomes (is born, arises, becomes, is produced)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'kim'.

आयुः (āyuḥ) - long life, longevity (life, duration of life, longevity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, duration of life, vital power, longevity

Note: Object of 'avāpnoti'.

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - attains (attains, obtains, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avāp

From prefix ava- + root āp (to obtain).

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Implicit subject 'one'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'kim'.

Note: Repetition for another question.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Implicit subject 'one'.

सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - endowed with strength of character (strong-willed, courageous, possessing goodness, potent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvavat

sattvavat - possessing sattva (goodness, essence, strength, courage, spirit), strong-willed, endowed with being

From sattva + suffix -vat (possessive).

Note: Nominative, agreeing with implicit subject.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'kim'.

Note: Repetition for another question.

अव्यङ्गताम् (avyaṅgatām) - freedom from physical defect (freedom from defect, completeness, perfection)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avyaṅgatā

avyaṅgatā - freedom from defect, completeness, perfection, perfect condition of the body/limbs

From a- (negation) + vyaṅga (defect) + -tā (abstract suffix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaṅgatā)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vyaṅgatā – defectiveness, imperfection
  noun (feminine)
  From vyaṅga (defective) + -tā (abstract suffix)

एति (eti) - achieves (goes, comes, attains, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

From root i (to go).

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Implicit subject 'one'.

लक्षण्यः (lakṣaṇyaḥ) - endowed with auspicious marks (endowed with distinguishing marks, auspicious, propitious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣaṇya

lakṣaṇya - possessing distinguishing marks, auspicious, characteristic, propitious

From lakṣaṇa (mark, sign) + -ya (suffix forming adjectives).

Note: Agrees with implicit subject.

जायते (jāyate) - becomes (is born, arises, becomes, is produced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

From root jan (to be born). It's a middle voice verb (ātmanepada).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Implicit subject 'one'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'kim'.

Note: Final interrogative.