महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-116, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अहिंसा परमो धर्म इत्युक्तं बहुशस्त्वया ।
श्राद्धेषु च भवानाह पितॄनामिषकाङ्क्षिणः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ahiṁsā paramo dharma ityuktaṁ bahuśastvayā ,
śrāddheṣu ca bhavānāha pitṝnāmiṣakāṅkṣiṇaḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ahiṃsā paramaḥ dharmaḥ iti uktam
bahuśaḥ tvayā śrāddheṣu ca bhavān āha pitṝn āmiṣakāṅkṣiṇaḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tvayā ahiṃsā paramaḥ dharmaḥ iti
bahuśaḥ uktam ca śrāddheṣu bhavān pitṝn āmiṣakāṅkṣiṇaḥ āha

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "You have stated many times that non-violence (ahiṃsā) is the supreme principle (dharma). Yet, in ancestral rites (śrāddha), your honor says that ancestors desire meat."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence (ahiṃsā)

• परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest, utmost

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - principle (dharma), natural law, duty

• इति (iti) - introduces a quote (thus, in this way)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - many times, frequently

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• श्राद्धेषु (śrāddheṣu) - in ancestral rites (śrāddha)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भवान् (bhavān) - Your Honor, you (respectful)

• आह (āha) - says, spoke

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

• आमिषकाङ्क्षिणः (āmiṣakāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring meat, meat-desiring

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, steady in battle (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound meaning 'steady in battle'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect (lit) form of the root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence (ahiṃsā)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness

Derived from the root hiṃs (to injure) with the negative prefix a- and feminine suffix -ā.

Prefix: a

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest, utmost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent, ultimate

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - principle (dharma), natural law, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious ordinance

From the root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - introduces a quote (thus, in this way)

(indeclinable)

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root vac (to speak) with the suffix -ta.

Root: vac (class 2)

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - many times, frequently

(indeclinable)

Derived from bahu (many) with the suffix -śaḥ (denoting manner or extent).

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of 'uktam'.

श्राद्धेषु (śrāddheṣu) - in ancestral rites (śrāddha)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of śrāddha

śrāddha - ancestral rites, funeral obsequies, faith, belief

From śrat (faith) + dhā (to place).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - Your Honor, you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (respectful), being, existing

Present Active Participle (from bhū)

Present active participle of the root bhū (to be), used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker's interlocutor, often Kṛṣṇa in the Mahābhārata.

आह (āha) - says, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āha

A defective verb (perfect tense form) meaning 'to say'.

Root: ah (class 2)

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, fathers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, progenitor

आमिषकाङ्क्षिणः (āmiṣakāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring meat, meat-desiring

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āmiṣakāṅkṣin

āmiṣakāṅkṣin - desiring meat, longing for flesh

Compound adjective formed from āmiṣa (meat) and kāṅkṣin (desiring).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āmiṣa+kāṅkṣin)

• āmiṣa – meat, flesh, food, object of enjoyment
  noun (neuter)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, longing for, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from the root kāṅkṣ (to desire) with the suffix -in.
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pitṝn'.