महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-116, verse-12

न भक्षयति यो मांसं न हन्यान्न च घातयेत् ।
तं मित्रं सर्वभूतानां मनुः स्वायंभुवोऽब्रवीत् ॥१२॥

12. na bhakṣayati yo māṁsaṁ na hanyānna ca ghātayet ,
taṁ mitraṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ manuḥ svāyaṁbhuvo'bravīt.

12. na bhakṣayati yaḥ māṃsam na hanyāt na ca ghātayet
tam mitram sarvabhūtānām manuḥ svāyaṃbhuvaḥ abravīt

12. yaḥ māṃsam na bhakṣayati na hanyāt ca na ghātayet
tam sarvabhūtānām mitram svāyaṃbhuvaḥ manuḥ abravīt

12. The self-born (svāyaṃbhuva) Manu declared that one who neither eats meat nor kills nor causes others to kill is a friend to all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• भक्षयति (bhakṣayati) - eats, consumes

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat, flesh

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - may kill, should kill (here, does not kill)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• घातयेत् (ghātayet) - may cause to kill, should cause to kill (here, does not cause to kill)

• तम् (tam) - him

• मित्रम् (mitram) - a friend

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver)

• स्वायंभुवः (svāyaṁbhuvaḥ) - self-born (an epithet of the first Manu)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he declared

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

भक्षयति (bhakṣayati) - eats, consumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √bhakṣ

Denominative verb from 'bhakṣa' (food) or 'bhakṣī' (eating)

Derived from the root √bhakṣ, typically conjugated in the 10th class.

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whatever

Relative pronoun.

मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat, flesh

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māṃsa

māṁsa - meat, flesh

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - may kill, should kill (here, does not kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √han

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

घातयेत् (ghātayet) - may cause to kill, should cause to kill (here, does not cause to kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √han (causative)

Causative form of √han

The causative stem 'ghātay' is formed from √han with the suffix '-i'.

Root: han (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

मित्रम् (mitram) - a friend

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion; the sun-god Mitra

Note: Used here as a predicate nominative for 'tam'.

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, every creature, the totality of creation

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'bhūta' (being/creature).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• bhūta – being, creature, element, what has been, past (past passive participle of √bhū)
  noun (adjective) (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manu

manu - man, human, progenitor of mankind, the mythical author of Dharmasūtras

स्वायंभुवः (svāyaṁbhuvaḥ) - self-born (an epithet of the first Manu)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svāyaṃbhuva

svāyaṁbhuva - self-born, self-existent; an epithet of Brahmā and the first Manu

Derived from 'svayambhū' (self-existent).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)