महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-116, verse-30

अभक्ष्यमेतदिति वा इति हिंसा निवर्तते ।
खादकार्थमतो हिंसा मृगादीनां प्रवर्तते ॥३०॥

30. abhakṣyametaditi vā iti hiṁsā nivartate ,
khādakārthamato hiṁsā mṛgādīnāṁ pravartate.

30. abhakṣyam etat iti vā iti hiṃsā nivartate
ataḥ khādakārtham mṛgādīnām hiṃsā pravartate

30. etat abhakṣyam iti vā iti hiṃsā nivartate
ataḥ khādakārtham mṛgādīnām hiṃsā pravartate

30. If one considers, 'This is not to be eaten,' then violence (hiṃsā) ceases. However, it is for the sake of the consumer that violence (hiṃsā) against animals like deer, etc., continues.

Words meanings summery:

• अभक्ष्यम् (abhakṣyam) - not to be eaten, unfit for food

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought)

• वा (vā) - or

• इति (iti) - thus, then

• हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - ceases, stops, turns away, returns

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

• खादकार्थम् (khādakārtham) - for the sake of the eater/consumer

• मृगादीनाम् (mṛgādīnām) - of deer and other animals

• हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - occurs, proceeds, begins, continues

Words meanings and morphology

अभक्ष्यम् (abhakṣyam) - not to be eaten, unfit for food

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhakṣya

abhakṣya - not to be eaten, unfit for food, unlawful food

gerundive (future passive participle)

Derived from 'a' (negation) + 'bhakṣya' (that which is to be eaten).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhakṣya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• bhakṣya – eatable, food; to be eaten
  adjective (neuter)
  gerundive
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'etat'.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

Note: Refers to meat/flesh.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle introducing direct speech or thought.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction. Here 'iti vā iti' suggests a conditional thought.

इति (iti) - thus, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the conclusion of the conditional thought.

हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā

hiṁsā - injury, harm, violence, destruction

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'nivartate'.

निवर्तते (nivartate) - ceases, stops, turns away, returns

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of nivart

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of cause/reason.

खादकार्थम् (khādakārtham) - for the sake of the eater/consumer

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of khādakārtha

khādakārtha - for the purpose of an eater/consumer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khādaka+artha)

• khādaka – eater, consumer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: khād (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially (as if a kṛdanta form or an accusative of purpose).

मृगादीनाम् (mṛgādīnām) - of deer and other animals

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mṛgādi

mṛgādi - deer and so forth, animals etc.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+ādi)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal, beast
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etc., and so on
  indeclinable (masculine)

Note: Specifies the objects of violence.

हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā

hiṁsā - injury, harm, violence, destruction

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'pravartate'.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - occurs, proceeds, begins, continues

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pravart

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)