महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-116, verse-59

यस्तु वर्षशतं पूर्णं तपस्तप्येत्सुदारुणम् ।
यश्चैकं वर्जयेन्मांसं सममेतन्मतं मम ॥५९॥

59. yastu varṣaśataṁ pūrṇaṁ tapastapyetsudāruṇam ,
yaścaikaṁ varjayenmāṁsaṁ samametanmataṁ mama.

59. yaḥ tu varṣaśatam pūrṇam tapaḥ tapyet su-dāruṇam |
yaḥ ca ekam varjayet māṃsam samam etad matam mama

59. yaḥ tu pūrṇam varṣaśatam su-dāruṇam tapaḥ tapyet
yaḥ ca ekam māṃsam varjayet etat samam mama matam

59. Whoever practices exceedingly harsh asceticism (tapas) for a full hundred years, and whoever abstains from even a single type of meat, that is considered equal by me.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वर्षशतम् (varṣaśatam) - a hundred years, a century

• पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full, complete

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

• तप्येत् (tapyet) - should perform asceticism, should practice penance

• सु-दारुणम् (su-dāruṇam) - very harsh, exceedingly severe

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and

• एकम् (ekam) - even a single (type of meat) (one, a single)

• वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid, should abstain from

• मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat, flesh

• समम् (samam) - equal, alike

• एतद् (etad) - this, that

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, thought, belief; considered, deemed

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

वर्षशतम् (varṣaśatam) - a hundred years, a century

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣaśata

varṣaśata - a hundred years, a century

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+śata)

• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of time duration for the verb 'tapyet'.

पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, fulfilled

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pṛ' (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'varṣaśatam'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tapyet'.

तप्येत् (tapyet) - should perform asceticism, should practice penance

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of tap

Optative mood, active voice

Third person singular active optative from root 'tap' (class 4, 'tapyati', meaning to undergo penance)

Root: tap (class 4)

सु-दारुणम् (su-dāruṇam) - very harsh, exceedingly severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of su-dāruṇa

su-dāruṇa - very harsh, exceedingly severe, extremely formidable

Compound with prefix 'su-' (good, well, very) and 'dāruṇa' (harsh, terrible)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Adverb
• dāruṇa – harsh, terrible, severe
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एकम् (ekam) - even a single (type of meat) (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'māṃsam'.

वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid, should abstain from

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛj

Optative mood, active voice (causative stem 'varjayati')

Third person singular active optative from causative stem 'varjay-' (from root 'vṛj', class 1, 'varjati')

Root: vṛj (class 10)

मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat, flesh

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māṃsa

māṁsa - meat, flesh

Note: Object of 'varjayet'.

समम् (samam) - equal, alike

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, uniform, level, impartial

Note: Refers to the equality of the two acts.

एतद् (etad) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'is'.

मतम् (matam) - opinion, thought, belief; considered, deemed

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, intention, considered, approved

Past Passive Participle

From root 'man' (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative, 'my opinion'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person pronoun

Note: Possessive, modifying 'matam'.