महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-116, verse-4

हत्वा भक्षयतो वापि परेणोपहृतस्य वा ।
हन्याद्वा यः परस्यार्थे क्रीत्वा वा भक्षयेन्नरः ॥४॥

4. hatvā bhakṣayato vāpi pareṇopahṛtasya vā ,
hanyādvā yaḥ parasyārthe krītvā vā bhakṣayennaraḥ.

4. hatvā bhakṣayataḥ vā api pareṇa upahṛtasya vā hanyāt
vā yaḥ parasya arthe krītvā vā bhakṣayet naraḥ

4. yaḥ hatvā bhakṣayataḥ vā api pareṇa upahṛtasya vā
parasya arthe hanyāt vā krītvā vā bhakṣayet saḥ naraḥ

4. What about a person who consumes (meat) either after having killed (an animal himself), or (meat) that was offered by another? Or one who kills for the sake of another, or a person who consumes (meat) after purchasing it?

Words meanings summery:

• हत्वा (hatvā) - after having killed (having killed, after killing)

• भक्षयतः (bhakṣayataḥ) - for one who consumes (meat) (of one who eats, by one who eats, for one who eats)

• वा (vā) - either (or, either)

• अपि (api) - (even/too) (also, even, indeed, and)

• परेण (pareṇa) - by another (person) (by another, by a stranger, by a foe)

• उपहृतस्य (upahṛtasya) - of that which has been offered (of that which is offered, of that which is presented)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one who kills (may kill, should kill, would kill)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• यः (yaḥ) - one who (who, which)

• परस्य (parasya) - of another (person) (of another, for another's sake)

• अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of (for the sake of, for the purpose of, in the meaning of)

• क्रीत्वा (krītvā) - after purchasing (having bought, after buying)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• भक्षयेत् (bhakṣayet) - (who) consumes (may eat, should eat, would eat)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person (man, person, human being)

Words meanings and morphology

हत्वा (hatvā) - after having killed (having killed, after killing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root han (to strike, kill) + suffix -tvā.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses prior action.

भक्षयतः (bhakṣayataḥ) - for one who consumes (meat) (of one who eats, by one who eats, for one who eats)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhakṣayat

bhakṣayat - eating, consuming

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative of root bhakṣ (to eat) + -at suffix.

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Genitive of agent or reference. Implicitly connected to an implied main verb like 'syāt'.

वा (vā) - either (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

अपि (api) - (even/too) (also, even, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding 'vā'.

परेण (pareṇa) - by another (person) (by another, by a stranger, by a foe)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, stranger, supreme

Note: Agent of 'upahṛtasya'.

उपहृतस्य (upahṛtasya) - of that which has been offered (of that which is offered, of that which is presented)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of upahṛta

upahṛta - offered, presented, brought near

Past Passive Participle

From prefix upa- + root hṛ (to seize, carry) + suffix -ta.

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Genitive, agreeing with an implied 'māṃsasya'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one who kills (may kill, should kill, would kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a relative clause with 'yaḥ'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

यः (yaḥ) - one who (who, which)

(relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'hanyāt'.

परस्य (parasya) - of another (person) (of another, for another's sake)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, stranger, supreme

Note: Genitive with 'arthe'.

अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of (for the sake of, for the purpose of, in the meaning of)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, object, wealth, thing

क्रीत्वा (krītvā) - after purchasing (having bought, after buying)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root krī (to buy) + suffix -tvā.

Root: krī (class 9)

Note: Expresses prior action.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

भक्षयेत् (bhakṣayet) - (who) consumes (may eat, should eat, would eat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhakṣ

From causative of root bhakṣ (to eat).

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Part of a relative clause, implied subject is 'naraḥ'.

नरः (naraḥ) - a person (man, person, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'bhakṣayet'.