महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-45

प्रथमं संस्थिता भार्या पतिं प्रेत्य प्रतीक्षते ।
पूर्वं मृतं च भर्तारं पश्चात्साध्व्यनुगच्छति ॥४५॥

45. prathamaṁ saṁsthitā bhāryā patiṁ pretya pratīkṣate ,
pūrvaṁ mṛtaṁ ca bhartāraṁ paścātsādhvyanugacchati.

45. prathamam saṃsthitā bhāryā patim pretya pratīkṣate
pūrvam mṛtam ca bhartāram paścāt sādhvī anugacchati

45. If the wife dies first, she waits for her husband after death. Conversely, if the husband dies first, the virtuous wife follows him afterwards.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (first, primarily, at first)

• संस्थिता (saṁsthitā) - having died, deceased (standing, placed, established, deceased)

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

• पतिम् (patim) - husband (husband, master, lord)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death (having gone away, after death, in the next world)

• प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - waits for (waits for, expects, looks for)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (adverb) (first, before, formerly)

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead (referring to the husband) (dead, deceased)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband (husband, supporter, master)

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards (afterwards, later, behind)

• साध्वी (sādhvī) - virtuous wife (virtuous woman, chaste wife)

• अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows (follows, goes after)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (first, primarily, at first)

(indeclinable)

Superlative form of pra (forth, before).

संस्थिता (saṁsthitā) - having died, deceased (standing, placed, established, deceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃsthita

saṁsthita - standing, placed, established, consisting in, deceased, dead

Past Passive Participle

From verb √sthā (to stand) with prefix saṃ (together, completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāryā'.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman to be maintained or supported

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -ya (kṛtya).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

पतिम् (patim) - husband (husband, master, lord)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death (having gone away, after death, in the next world)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb √i (to go) with prefix pra (forth, away) and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - waits for (waits for, expects, looks for)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of prati-īkṣ

From verb √īkṣ (to see, look) with prefix prati (towards, in return).

Prefix: prati

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada (middle voice) ending.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (adverb) (first, before, formerly)

(indeclinable)

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead (referring to the husband) (dead, deceased)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb √mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband (husband, supporter, master)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, maintainer, master, husband

Agent noun

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support) with agent suffix -tṛ.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards (afterwards, later, behind)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

साध्वी (sādhvī) - virtuous wife (virtuous woman, chaste wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sādhvī

sādhvī - a virtuous woman, chaste wife, honest woman

Feminine of sādhū (good, virtuous).

अनुगच्छति (anugacchati) - follows (follows, goes after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of anu-gam

From verb √gam (to go) with prefix anu (after).

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)