महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-31

न तु तुष्यति यस्यैष पुरुषस्य दुरात्मनः ।
तं यमः पापकर्माणं निर्यातयति दुष्कृतम् ॥३१॥

31. na tu tuṣyati yasyaiṣa puruṣasya durātmanaḥ ,
taṁ yamaḥ pāpakarmāṇaṁ niryātayati duṣkṛtam.

31. na tu tuṣyati yasya eṣaḥ puruṣasya durātmanaḥ
| tam yamaḥ pāpakarmāṇam niryātayati duṣkṛtam

31. But if this (kṣetrajña) is not pleased with an evil-minded person, then Yama punishes that evil-doer for his misdeeds.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• तुष्यति (tuṣyati) - is pleased (is pleased, is satisfied)

• यस्य (yasya) - of whom (referring to the evil-minded person) (whose, of whom)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the kṣetrajña/self) (this, this one)

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person (of a person, of a man)

• दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of an evil-minded one (of an evil-minded one, of a wicked soul)

• तम् (tam) - that (person) (him, that)

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (Yama, god of death)

• पापकर्माणम् (pāpakarmāṇam) - the evil-doer (the evil-doer, one whose actions are sinful)

• निर्यातयति (niryātayati) - punishes (causes to be inflicted, punishes, brings forth, extracts)

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeeds (evil deed, sin, misdeed)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `tuṣyati`.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a contrast with the previous verse.

तुष्यति (tuṣyati) - is pleased (is pleased, is satisfied)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tuṣ

present active

Root tuṣ, 4th class verb

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject is `eṣaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ` (implied from previous verse).

यस्य (yasya) - of whom (referring to the evil-minded person) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relates to `puruṣasya`.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the kṣetrajña/self) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers back to the `kṣetrajñaḥ` from the previous verse, acting as the implied subject of `tuṣyati`.

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person (of a person, of a man)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, spirit, Self

Note: Governed by `durātmanaḥ`.

दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of an evil-minded one (of an evil-minded one, of a wicked soul)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, depraved person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `puruṣasya`.

तम् (tam) - that (person) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the evil-minded person. Object of `niryātayati`.

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (Yama, god of death)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), twin, restraint, self-control

Root: yam (class 1)

पापकर्माणम् (pāpakarmāṇam) - the evil-doer (the evil-doer, one whose actions are sinful)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāpakarmā

pāpakarmā - evil-doer, sinner, one whose actions are evil

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+karman)

• pāpa – evil, sin, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, ritual, fate
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies `tam` (him).

निर्यातयति (niryātayati) - punishes (causes to be inflicted, punishes, brings forth, extracts)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niryātay

causal present active

causal of 'yā' with prefix 'nir'

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeeds (evil deed, sin, misdeed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - evil deed, misdeed, sin

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, deed, action
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from kṛ) used as noun
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `niryātayati`.