महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-42

सखायः प्रविविक्तेषु भवन्त्येताः प्रियंवदाः ।
पितरो धर्मकार्येषु भवन्त्यार्तस्य मातरः ॥४२॥

42. sakhāyaḥ pravivikteṣu bhavantyetāḥ priyaṁvadāḥ ,
pitaro dharmakāryeṣu bhavantyārtasya mātaraḥ.

42. sakhāyaḥ pravivikteṣu bhavanti etāḥ priyaṃvadāḥ
pitaraḥ dharmakāryeṣu bhavanti ārtasya mātaraḥ

42. In private moments, these (wives) are sweet-spoken companions. In matters of dharma, they act as fathers, and to the suffering, they are like mothers.

Words meanings summery:

• सखायः (sakhāyaḥ) - companions (friends, companions)

• प्रविविक्तेषु (pravivikteṣu) - in private moments (in secluded places, in private, in solitude)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

• एताः (etāḥ) - these (wives) (these (feminine))

• प्रियंवदाः (priyaṁvadāḥ) - sweet-spoken (speaking kindly, sweet-spoken, agreeable in speech)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers (fathers, ancestors)

• धर्मकार्येषु (dharmakāryeṣu) - in matters of dharma (in religious duties, in matters of dharma)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

• आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - to the suffering (of the distressed, of the suffering one)

• मातरः (mātaraḥ) - mothers

Words meanings and morphology

सखायः (sakhāyaḥ) - companions (friends, companions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Note: Plural of sakhi, irregular declension.

प्रविविक्तेषु (pravivikteṣu) - in private moments (in secluded places, in private, in solitude)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of pravivikta

pravivikta - secluded, solitary, private

Past Passive Participle

From root vic (to separate, distinguish) with prefixes pra and vi

Prefixes: pra+vi

Root: vic (class 7)

Note: Used substantively (in secluded places).

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

एताः (etāḥ) - these (wives) (these (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to wives (implied).

प्रियंवदाः (priyaṁvadāḥ) - sweet-spoken (speaking kindly, sweet-spoken, agreeable in speech)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of priyaṃvada

priyaṁvada - speaking kindly, sweet-spoken, agreeable in speech

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (priyam+vada)

• priyam – dear, pleasant, agreeable; lovingly
  adjective/indeclinable (neuter)
• vada – speaking, speaker
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root vad (to speak)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Feminine plural, agreeing with 'etāḥ' (wives).

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

धर्मकार्येषु (dharmakāryeṣu) - in matters of dharma (in religious duties, in matters of dharma)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of dharmakārya

dharmakārya - religious duty, righteous action, dharma-related work

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+kārya)

• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• kārya – action, duty, business; to be done, proper
  noun/gerundive (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - to the suffering (of the distressed, of the suffering one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā and secondary root ṛt (to pain)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Used substantively (of one who is distressed).

मातरः (mātaraḥ) - mothers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother