महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-42

सखायः प्रविविक्तेषु भवन्त्येताः प्रियंवदाः ।
पितरो धर्मकार्येषु भवन्त्यार्तस्य मातरः ॥४२॥

42. sakhāyaḥ pravivikteṣu bhavantyetāḥ priyaṁvadāḥ ,
pitaro dharmakāryeṣu bhavantyārtasya mātaraḥ.

42. sakhāyaḥ pravivikteṣu bhavanti etāḥ priyaṃvadāḥ
pitaraḥ dharmakāryeṣu bhavanti ārtasya mātaraḥ

42. In private moments, these (wives) are sweet-spoken companions. In matters of dharma, they act as fathers, and to the suffering, they are like mothers.

42. הנשים האלה הן חברות בשעות של התבודדות והן דוברות מתוק. הן כאבות בקיום חובות היושר, והן כאמהות לאדם הסובל.

Words meanings summery:

• सखायः (sakhāyaḥ) - companions (friends, companions)

• प्रविविक्तेषु (pravivikteṣu) - in private moments (in secluded places, in private, in solitude)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

• एताः (etāḥ) - these (wives) (these (feminine))

• प्रियंवदाः (priyaṁvadāḥ) - sweet-spoken (speaking kindly, sweet-spoken, agreeable in speech)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers (fathers, ancestors)

• धर्मकार्येषु (dharmakāryeṣu) - in matters of dharma (in religious duties, in matters of dharma)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

• आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - to the suffering (of the distressed, of the suffering one)

• मातरः (mātaraḥ) - mothers

Words meanings and morphology

सखायः (sakhāyaḥ) - companions (friends, companions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Note: Plural of sakhi, irregular declension.

प्रविविक्तेषु (pravivikteṣu) - in private moments (in secluded places, in private, in solitude)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of pravivikta

pravivikta - secluded, solitary, private

Past Passive Participle

From root vic (to separate, distinguish) with prefixes pra and vi

Prefixes: pra+vi

Root: vic (class 7)

Note: Used substantively (in secluded places).

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

एताः (etāḥ) - these (wives) (these (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to wives (implied).

प्रियंवदाः (priyaṁvadāḥ) - sweet-spoken (speaking kindly, sweet-spoken, agreeable in speech)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of priyaṃvada

priyaṁvada - speaking kindly, sweet-spoken, agreeable in speech

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (priyam+vada)

• priyam – dear, pleasant, agreeable; lovingly
  adjective/indeclinable (neuter)
• vada – speaking, speaker
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root vad (to speak)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Feminine plural, agreeing with 'etāḥ' (wives).

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

धर्मकार्येषु (dharmakāryeṣu) - in matters of dharma (in religious duties, in matters of dharma)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of dharmakārya

dharmakārya - religious duty, righteous action, dharma-related work

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+kārya)

• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• kārya – action, duty, business; to be done, proper
  noun/gerundive (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - to the suffering (of the distressed, of the suffering one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā and secondary root ṛt (to pain)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Used substantively (of one who is distressed).

मातरः (mātaraḥ) - mothers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

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