महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-38

पुन्नाम्नो नरकाद्यस्मात्पितरं त्रायते सुतः ।
तस्मात्पुत्र इति प्रोक्तः स्वयमेव स्वयम्भुवा ॥३८॥

38. punnāmno narakādyasmātpitaraṁ trāyate sutaḥ ,
tasmātputra iti proktaḥ svayameva svayambhuvā.

38. punnāmnaḥ narakāt yasmāt pitaram trāyate sutaḥ
tasmāt putraḥ iti proktaḥ svayam eva svayambhuvā

38. Because a son delivers his father from the hell named 'Put', he is therefore declared to be a 'putra' (son) by Svayambhū (the Self-Existent Lord) himself.

Words meanings summery:

• पुन्नाम्नः (punnāmnaḥ) - from the hell called 'Put' (from the hell named 'Put')

• नरकात् (narakāt) - from hell

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, from which)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father

• त्रायते (trāyate) - he delivers (he saves, he protects, he delivers)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (son, child)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (is called) 'putra' (son) (son)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the name) (thus, so, (quotative particle))

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared (said, declared, proclaimed)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (himself, herself, itself, by oneself)

• एव (eva) - himself (emphatic) (indeed, only, very, just)

• स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by Svayambhū himself (by Svayambhū, by the Self-Existent One (Brahma))

Words meanings and morphology

पुन्नाम्नः (punnāmnaḥ) - from the hell called 'Put' (from the hell named 'Put')

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of punnāman

punnāman - named Put, related to Put (a hell)

Compound of `put` and `nāman` (name), here in ablative case modifying `narakāt`.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (put+nāman)

• put – name of a particular hell
  proper noun (neuter)
• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `narakāt`.

नरकात् (narakāt) - from hell

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, Hades, infernal region

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, from which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used correlatively with `tasmāt` to mean "because... therefore".

पितरम् (pitaram) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of `trāyate`.

त्रायते (trāyate) - he delivers (he saves, he protects, he delivers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of trai

Root: trai (class 1)

Note: Subject is `sutaḥ`.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

From root `sū` (to beget)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of `trāyate`.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used correlatively with `yasmāt`.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (is called) 'putra' (son) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Predicate nominative.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the name) (thus, so, (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding word as a quotation or definition.

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared (said, declared, proclaimed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta

prokta - said, declared, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of `vac` (to speak) with prefix `pra`

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `putraḥ`.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (himself, herself, itself, by oneself)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `svayambhuvā`.

एव (eva) - himself (emphatic) (indeed, only, very, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by Svayambhū himself (by Svayambhū, by the Self-Existent One (Brahma))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svayambhū

svayambhū - the Self-Existent, Brahma (a proper noun for the creator deity)

Compound of `svayam` (self) and `bhū` (to be, become)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – self, by oneself
  indeclinable
• bhū – to be, to become, earth
  noun (masculine)
  From root `bhū` (to be, exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent of `proktaḥ`.