महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-44

संसरन्तमपि प्रेतं विषमेष्वेकपातिनम् ।
भार्यैवान्वेति भर्तारं सततं या पतिव्रता ॥४४॥

44. saṁsarantamapi pretaṁ viṣameṣvekapātinam ,
bhāryaivānveti bhartāraṁ satataṁ yā pativratā.

44. saṃsarantam api pretam viṣameṣu ekapātinam
bhāryā eva anveti bhartāram satatam yā pativratā

44. Even if a departed husband transmigrates and falls alone into perilous or difficult realms, only a wife who is truly devoted to her husband constantly follows him.

Words meanings summery:

• संसरन्तम् (saṁsarantam) - transmigrating (referring to the departed husband) (moving, flowing, transmigrating)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• प्रेतम् (pretam) - a departed spirit (the husband) (departed, dead, a departed spirit)

• विषमेषु (viṣameṣu) - in difficult places/realms (referring to destiny after death) (in uneven places, in difficult circumstances, in hells)

• एकपातिनम् (ekapātinam) - falling alone (into difficult realms) (falling alone, falling singly)

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

• एव (eva) - only (only, indeed, just)

• अन्वेति (anveti) - follows (follows, goes after)

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband (husband, supporter, master)

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

• या (yā) - who (referring to the wife) (who, which)

• पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted to her husband (devoted to her husband, chaste wife)

Words meanings and morphology

संसरन्तम् (saṁsarantam) - transmigrating (referring to the departed husband) (moving, flowing, transmigrating)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃsarat

saṁsarat - moving, flowing, transmigrating, wandering through saṃsāra

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb √sṛ (to move, flow) with prefix saṃ (together, thoroughly).

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

प्रेतम् (pretam) - a departed spirit (the husband) (departed, dead, a departed spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of preta

preta - departed, dead, a departed spirit, ghost

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb √i (to go) with prefix pra (forth, away).

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

विषमेषु (viṣameṣu) - in difficult places/realms (referring to destiny after death) (in uneven places, in difficult circumstances, in hells)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, perilous, dangerous, inaccessible, adverse

Note: Used adverbially or as a noun.

एकपातिनम् (ekapātinam) - falling alone (into difficult realms) (falling alone, falling singly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekapātin

ekapātin - falling alone, going alone

Compound of 'eka' (one) and 'pātin' (falling/going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (eka+pātin)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (masculine)
• pātin – falling, flying, alighting; a faller
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root
  Derived from √pat (to fall, fly) with suffix -in.
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pretam'.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, a woman to be supported)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman to be maintained or supported

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -ya (kṛtya).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - only (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

अन्वेति (anveti) - follows (follows, goes after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of anu-i

From verb √i (to go) with prefix anu (after).

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband (husband, supporter, master)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, maintainer, master, husband

Agent noun

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support) with agent suffix -tṛ.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter accusative of satata (continuous).

या (yā) - who (referring to the wife) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted to her husband (devoted to her husband, chaste wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pativratā

pativratā - devoted to her husband, chaste wife

Compound meaning 'one whose vow/practice (vrata) is her husband (pati)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pati+vrata)

• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, conduct
  noun (neuter)