महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-24

जानन्नपि महाराज कस्मादेवं प्रभाषसे ।
न जानामीति निःसङ्गं यथान्यः प्राकृतस्तथा ॥२४॥

24. jānannapi mahārāja kasmādevaṁ prabhāṣase ,
na jānāmīti niḥsaṅgaṁ yathānyaḥ prākṛtastathā.

24. jānan api mahārāja kasmāt evam prabhāṣase na
jānāmi iti niḥsaṅgam yathā anyaḥ prākṛtaḥ tathā

24. O great king, even though you know, why do you speak like this? You say, 'I do not know,' unreservedly, just like any ordinary, common person.

Words meanings summery:

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing (the truth) (knowing, perceiving)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative) (great king, emperor)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, whence)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner, thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak (you speak, you say)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

• इति (iti) - (marking the quoted speech) (thus, so, in this way, (marks end of quote))

• निःसङ्गम् (niḥsaṅgam) - unhesitatingly, unreservedly (without attachment, unhesitatingly, unreservedly)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, any other (other, another, different)

• प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - common, ordinary (common, ordinary, natural, vulgar)

• तथा (tathā) - so, in that way (completing the comparison with 'yathā') (so, thus, in that manner)

Words meanings and morphology

जानन् (jānan) - knowing (the truth) (knowing, perceiving)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñā

jñā - to know, perceive, understand

Present Active Participle

from root jñā (9th class) with śatṛ suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Participle used as an adjective for the implied subject (the King)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative) (great king, emperor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, whence)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who; why, how

ablative singular of 'kim'

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'

एवम् (evam) - in this manner, thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak (you speak, you say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Root bhāṣ (1st class) with upasarga 'pra'

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

इति (iti) - (marking the quoted speech) (thus, so, in this way, (marks end of quote))

(indeclinable)

निःसङ्गम् (niḥsaṅgam) - unhesitatingly, unreservedly (without attachment, unhesitatingly, unreservedly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niḥsaṅga

niḥsaṅga - without attachment, unconcerned, unhesitating

from nis + saṅga

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+saṅga)

• nis – out, without, free from
  prefix
• saṅga – attachment, clinging, contact
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, any other (other, another, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - common, ordinary (common, ordinary, natural, vulgar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prākṛta

prākṛta - common, ordinary, natural, vulgar, uncultured

from prakṛti

Note: Qualifies 'anyaḥ'

तथा (tathā) - so, in that way (completing the comparison with 'yathā') (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)