महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-68, verse-37

यदागमवतः पुंसस्तदपत्यं प्रजायते ।
तत्तारयति संतत्या पूर्वप्रेतान्पितामहान् ॥३७॥

37. yadāgamavataḥ puṁsastadapatyaṁ prajāyate ,
tattārayati saṁtatyā pūrvapretānpitāmahān.

37. yat āgamavataḥ puṃsaḥ tat apatyam prajāyate
tat tārayati santatyā pūrvapretān pitāmahān

37. From a man who adheres to dharma, an offspring is born. That offspring, through the continuation of the lineage, delivers the departed ancestors.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - from whom, a man who (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• आगमवतः (āgamavataḥ) - of a man who adheres to dharma / scripture (of the one possessing knowledge/scripture/tradition)

• पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a man (of a man, from a man)

• तत् (tat) - that (offspring) (that, he, it)

• अपत्यम् (apatyam) - offspring (offspring, child, descendant)

• प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (is born, is begotten, comes forth)

• तत् (tat) - that (offspring) (that, he, it)

• तारयति (tārayati) - delivers (he/it causes to cross, delivers, saves)

• सन्तत्या (santatyā) - by the continuation of the lineage (by progeny, by continuous succession, by lineage)

• पूर्वप्रेतान् (pūrvapretān) - the departed ancestors (departed ancestors, those who died before)

• पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - grandfathers / ancestors (grandfathers, ancestors)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - from whom, a man who (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Can be translated as "when" or "from whom".

आगमवतः (āgamavataḥ) - of a man who adheres to dharma / scripture (of the one possessing knowledge/scripture/tradition)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āgamavat

āgamavat - possessing sacred tradition/knowledge, learned

Derived from `āgama` with possessive suffix `-vat`

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `puṃsaḥ`.

पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a man (of a man, from a man)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person

Note: Refers to the father.

तत् (tat) - that (offspring) (that, he, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `apatyam`.

अपत्यम् (apatyam) - offspring (offspring, child, descendant)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apatya

apatya - offspring, child, descendant

Note: Subject of `prajāyate`.

प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (is born, is begotten, comes forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: With `pra`, implies "is born forth" or "procreated".

तत् (tat) - that (offspring) (that, he, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `apatyam` again.

तारयति (tārayati) - delivers (he/it causes to cross, delivers, saves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tṛ

Causative

Causative form of root `tṛ` (to cross)

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is `tat` (the offspring).

सन्तत्या (santatyā) - by the continuation of the lineage (by progeny, by continuous succession, by lineage)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of santati

santati - progeny, continuous line, succession, continuation

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Means by which salvation/delivery occurs.

पूर्वप्रेतान् (pūrvapretān) - the departed ancestors (departed ancestors, those who died before)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūrvapreta

pūrvapreta - departed ancestors, those who passed away before

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `pūrva` (former) and `preta` (departed, dead - past passive participle of `pra-i` 'to go forth')

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+preta)

• pūrva – former, earlier, prior
  adjective (masculine)
• preta – departed, dead, gone forth
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `pra-i` (to go forth)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `pitāmahān`.

पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - grandfathers / ancestors (grandfathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, ancestor

Note: Object of `tārayati`.