महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-15

स प्रतोदं पुनर्गृह्य रश्मींश्चैव महायशाः ।
वाहयामास तानश्वान्सत्यसेनरथं प्रति ॥१५॥

15. sa pratodaṁ punargṛhya raśmīṁścaiva mahāyaśāḥ ,
vāhayāmāsa tānaśvānsatyasenarathaṁ prati.

15. sa pratodam punaḥ gṛhya raśmīn ca eva mahāyaśāḥ
vāhayāmāsa tān aśvān satyaseñaratham prati

15. saḥ mahāyaśāḥ punaḥ pratodam ca raśmīn eva
gṛhya tān aśvān satyaseñaratham prati vāhayāmāsa

15. The greatly renowned one, having again taken the goad and the reins, drove those horses toward Satyaseana's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Mādhava/Kṛṣṇa) (he, that)

• प्रतोदम् (pratodam) - the goad (goad, whip)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

• गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

• रश्मीन् (raśmīn) - the reins (reins, rays)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the 'and') (only, just, indeed)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the greatly renowned one (greatly renowned, very glorious)

• वाहयामास (vāhayāmāsa) - drove (caused to drive, drove)

• तान् (tān) - those

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• सत्यसेञरथम् (satyaseñaratham) - Satyaseana's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - toward (toward, against, with respect to)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Mādhava/Kṛṣṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Mādhava/Kṛṣṇa.

प्रतोदम् (pratodam) - the goad (goad, whip)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratoda

pratoda - goad, whip, a prod

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root grah (gṛh) with suffix -ya

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Often considered from root grah (to seize).

रश्मीन् (raśmīn) - the reins (reins, rays)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of raśmi

raśmi - rein, ray, cord

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the 'and') (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word or idea.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the greatly renowned one (greatly renowned, very glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly renowned, very glorious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+yaśas)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Mādhava/Kṛṣṇa.

वाहयामास (vāhayāmāsa) - drove (caused to drive, drove)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vāh

causative perfect active

reduplicated perfect form of causative stem

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Causative form of 'vah' (to carry, flow).

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to aśvān (horses).

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

सत्यसेञरथम् (satyaseñaratham) - Satyaseana's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyaseñaratha

satyaseñaratha - Satyaseana's chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (satyasena+ratha)

• satyasena – Satyaseana (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Formed by combining proper noun 'Satyaseana' and noun 'ratha'.

प्रति (prati) - toward (toward, against, with respect to)

(indeclinable)

Note: A prefix and a postposition/preposition.