महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-70

नैव स्वे न परे राजन्विज्ञायन्ते शरातुराः ।
योद्धव्यमिति युध्यन्ते राजानो जयगृद्धिनः ॥७०॥

70. naiva sve na pare rājanvijñāyante śarāturāḥ ,
yoddhavyamiti yudhyante rājāno jayagṛddhinaḥ.

70. na eva sve na pare rājan vijñāyante śarāturāḥ
yoddhavyam iti yudhyante rājānaḥ jayagṛddhinaḥ

70. rājan na eva sve na pare śarāturāḥ vijñāyante
jayagṛddhinaḥ rājānaḥ yoddhavyam iti yudhyante

70. O King, neither one's own people nor the enemies, afflicted by arrows, are recognized. The kings, greedy for victory, fight with the thought, 'One must fight!'

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, neither

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• स्वे (sve) - one's own people, relatives

• न (na) - not, nor

• परे (pare) - others, enemies

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• विज्ञायन्ते (vijñāyante) - are recognized, are discerned, are known

• शरातुराः (śarāturāḥ) - distressed by arrows, afflicted by arrows

• योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - it must be fought, one must fight, fit to be fought

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• जयगृद्धिनः (jayagṛddhinaḥ) - greedy for victory, desirous of victory

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, neither

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a negative particle.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

स्वे (sve) - one's own people, relatives

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self, relative, kin, wealth

Note: Refers to one's own warriors/soldiers.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the negative clauses.

परे (pare) - others, enemies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

Note: Refers to enemy warriors/soldiers.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

विज्ञायन्ते (vijñāyante) - are recognized, are discerned, are known

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Passive 3rd Plural

From root jñā- 'to know' with prefix vi-; Present (laṭ), 3rd person, plural, passive voice

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subjects are 'sve' and 'pare'.

शरातुराः (śarāturāḥ) - distressed by arrows, afflicted by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śarātura

śarātura - distressed by arrows, afflicted by arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ātura)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• ātura – distressed, afflicted, sick
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'sve' and 'pare'.

योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - it must be fought, one must fight, fit to be fought

(verbal adjective)

Note: Used impersonally, "it is to be fought."

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the quoted thought of the kings.

युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yudh

Present Middle 3rd Plural

From root yudh- 'to fight'; Present (laṭ), 3rd person, plural, middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The subject is 'rājānaḥ'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'yudhyante'.

जयगृद्धिनः (jayagṛddhinaḥ) - greedy for victory, desirous of victory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayagṛddhin

jayagṛddhin - greedy for victory, desirous of victory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+gṛddhin)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhin – greedy, covetous, desirous
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'rājānaḥ'.