महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-49

मुहूर्तमेव तद्युद्धमासीन्मधुरदर्शनम् ।
तत उन्मत्तवद्राजन्निर्मर्यादमवर्तत ॥४९॥

49. muhūrtameva tadyuddhamāsīnmadhuradarśanam ,
tata unmattavadrājannirmaryādamavartata.

49. muhūrtam eva tat yuddham āsīt madhuradarśanam
tataḥ unmattavat rājan nirmaryādam avartata

49. rājan tat yuddham muhūrtam eva madhuradarśanam
āsīt tataḥ unmattavat nirmaryādam avartata

49. For just a moment, that battle was a beautiful sight. Then, O King, it became unrestrained, raging wildly.

Words meanings summery:

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short time

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• तत् (tat) - referring to the battle (that)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• मधुरदर्शनम् (madhuradarśanam) - pleasant to look at, beautiful to behold

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, from there, thereafter)

• उन्मत्तवत् (unmattavat) - like madmen, wildly, frenziedly

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - without restraint, without limit, lawless

• अवर्तत (avartata) - it proceeded, it took place, it happened

Words meanings and morphology

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short time

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a period of 48 minutes, a short time

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating duration.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तत् (tat) - referring to the battle (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to yuddham.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yudh (to fight) with suffix -ta.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect tense, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

मधुरदर्शनम् (madhuradarśanam) - pleasant to look at, beautiful to behold

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of madhuradarśana

madhuradarśana - pleasant to look at, beautiful sight

Compound type : karmadhāraya (madhura+darśana)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• darśana – seeing, beholding, sight, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -ana.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for yuddham.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, from there, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad with the suffix -tas.

उन्मत्तवत् (unmattavat) - like madmen, wildly, frenziedly

(indeclinable)

Formed from unmatta (mad, intoxicated) with the suffix -vat (like, similar to).

Prefix: ut

Root: mad (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing the listener.

निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - without restraint, without limit, lawless

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative, or an adjective agreeing with yuddham (understood).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+maryāda)

• nis – without, out, away
  prefix
• maryāda – limit, boundary, rule, restraint
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

अवर्तत (avartata) - it proceeded, it took place, it happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular, Imperfect tense, middle voice. Root vṛt with augment a-.

Root: vṛt (class 1)