महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-37

तमापतन्तं सहसा तव पुत्रं महाबलम् ।
धर्मराजो द्रुतं विद्ध्वा तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति चाब्रवीत् ॥३७॥

37. tamāpatantaṁ sahasā tava putraṁ mahābalam ,
dharmarājo drutaṁ viddhvā tiṣṭha tiṣṭheti cābravīt.

37. tam āpatantam sahasā tava putram mahābalam dharmarājaḥ
drutam viddhvā tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti ca abravīt

37. dharmarājaḥ tava mahābalam putram sahasā āpatantam
drutam viddhvā ca "tiṣṭha tiṣṭha" iti abravīt

37. King Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja), having quickly struck your mighty son who was swiftly rushing towards him, exclaimed, "Stop! Stop!"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Duryodhana (him) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing towards Yudhiṣṭhira (approaching, rushing)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

• तव (tava) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (your, of you)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - Duryodhana (son)

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - describing Duryodhana (very strong, mighty, having great strength)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (King of righteousness, just king)

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having struck with an arrow (having pierced, having struck)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - "Stop!" as an imperative command (stand, stop, stay)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - "Stop!" as an imperative command (stand, stop, stay)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote (thus, so, in this manner)

• च (ca) - also (and, also, moreover)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Dharmarāja said (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Duryodhana (him) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Accusative singular masculine of tad.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing towards Yudhiṣṭhira (approaching, rushing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling, rushing

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root pat with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine of present active participle āpatat.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial form.

तव (tava) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

पुत्रम् (putram) - Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Accusative singular masculine of putra.

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - describing Duryodhana (very strong, mighty, having great strength)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty, having great strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, modifying putram.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (King of righteousness, just king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of righteousness, just king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Adverb.

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having struck with an arrow (having pierced, having struck)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Absolutive.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - "Stop!" as an imperative command (stand, stop, stay)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: 2nd person singular imperative active of root sthā.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - "Stop!" as an imperative command (stand, stop, stay)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: 2nd person singular imperative active of root sthā.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

च (ca) - also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Dharmarāja said (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of brū

Imperfect Aorist

Aorist of root brū (or forms like vac)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: 3rd person singular aorist active of root brū.