महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-50

रथी नागं समासाद्य विचरन्रणमूर्धनि ।
प्रेषयामास कालाय शरैः संनतपर्वभिः ॥५०॥

50. rathī nāgaṁ samāsādya vicaranraṇamūrdhani ,
preṣayāmāsa kālāya śaraiḥ saṁnataparvabhiḥ.

50. rathī nāgam samāsādya vicaran raṇamūrdhani
preṣayāmāsa kālāya śaraiḥ sannataparvabhiḥ

50. raṇamūrdhani vicaran rathī nāgam samāsādya
sannataparvabhiḥ śaraiḥ kālāya preṣayāmāsa

50. Moving on the forefront of the battle, the chariot warrior, upon encountering an elephant, dispatched it to Yama with his well-fitted arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• रथी (rathī) - chariot-warrior, charioteer

• नागम् (nāgam) - an elephant (in battle context) (elephant, snake)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having encountered (having approached, having obtained, having met)

• विचरन् (vicaran) - moving about, roaming, wandering

• रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield (on the forefront of battle, in the thick of battle)

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he dispatched (to death) (he sent, he dispatched)

• कालाय (kālāya) - to Yama, the god of death (personified death) (to time, to death, to Yama)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• सन्नतपर्वभिः (sannataparvabhiḥ) - with well-fitted joints/knots, with smooth joints (of arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

रथी (rathī) - chariot-warrior, charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, owner of a chariot, one who fights from a chariot

From ratha (chariot) + suffix -in (possessing).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नागम् (nāgam) - an elephant (in battle context) (elephant, snake)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant, a mountain

Note: Object of samāsādya and preṣayāmāsa (implied).

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having encountered (having approached, having obtained, having met)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √sad (to sit, go) with prefixes sam-, ā- and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

विचरन् (vicaran) - moving about, roaming, wandering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicarat

vicarat - moving about, wandering, roaming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √car (to move) with prefix vi- and suffix -śatṛ.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield (on the forefront of battle, in the thick of battle)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇamūrdhan

raṇamūrdhan - forefront of battle, head of battle

Compound formed from raṇa and mūrdhan.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+mūrdhan)

• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• mūrdhan – head, top, highest part, forefront
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes place where action occurs.

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he dispatched (to death) (he sent, he dispatched)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of preṣ

Periphrastic Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Periphrastic Perfect tense, active voice. Formed with secondary conjugation preṣaya and auxiliary verb ās.

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

कालाय (kālāya) - to Yama, the god of death (personified death) (to time, to death, to Yama)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, suitable time, death, Yama (god of death)

Note: Denotes the recipient or purpose.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means/instrument.

सन्नतपर्वभिः (sannataparvabhiḥ) - with well-fitted joints/knots, with smooth joints (of arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sannataparvan

sannataparvan - having well-fitted or smooth joints (often referring to arrows)

Compound formed from sannata and parvan.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sannata+parvan)

• sannata – bent down, curved, humbled, well-fitted
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √nam (to bend) with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – knot, joint, section, limb (of an arrow shaft)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective describing śaraiḥ.