महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-40

चतुर्भिश्चतुरो वाहांस्तस्य हत्वा महारथः ।
पञ्चमेन शिरः कायात्सारथेस्तु समाक्षिपत् ॥४०॥

40. caturbhiścaturo vāhāṁstasya hatvā mahārathaḥ ,
pañcamena śiraḥ kāyātsārathestu samākṣipat.

40. caturbhiḥ caturaḥ vāhān tasya hatvā mahārathaḥ
pañcamena śiraḥ kāyāt sāratheḥ tu samākṣipat

40. mahārathaḥ tasya caturbhiḥ caturaḥ vāhān hatvā
tu pañcamena sāratheḥ kāyāt śiraḥ samākṣipat

40. The great charioteer (Yudhiṣṭhira), having killed Duryodhana's four horses with four (arrows), then struck off the head of his (Duryodhana's) charioteer from his body with the fifth (arrow).

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four arrows (by/with four)

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four horses (four)

• वाहान् (vāhān) - charioteer's horses (horses, carriers)

• तस्य (tasya) - of Duryodhana (his, of him)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (great charioteer, great warrior)

• पञ्चमेन (pañcamena) - with the fifth arrow (with the fifth)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of Duryodhana's charioteer (of the charioteer)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• समाक्षिपत् (samākṣipat) - he cut off (the head) (he cut off, he struck off, he hurled)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four arrows (by/with four)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural, implicitly referring to arrows.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four horses (four)

(numeral)

Note: Accusative plural masculine, modifying vāhān.

वाहान् (vāhān) - charioteer's horses (horses, carriers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - horse, carrier, draft animal

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Accusative plural masculine.

तस्य (tasya) - of Duryodhana (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular masculine, referring to Duryodhana.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Absolutive.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (great charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

पञ्चमेन (pañcamena) - with the fifth arrow (with the fifth)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth

Note: Instrumental singular masculine, implicitly modifying śareṇa (arrow).

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

Root: śrī

Note: Accusative singular neuter.

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection

Root: ci

Note: Ablative singular masculine.

सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of Duryodhana's charioteer (of the charioteer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, guide

Note: Genitive singular masculine.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

समाक्षिपत् (samākṣipat) - he cut off (the head) (he cut off, he struck off, he hurled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samākṣip

Imperfect

Derived from root kṣip with upasargas sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect active of root kṣip with sam and ā.