महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-43

तं तु कृच्छ्रगतं दृष्ट्वा कर्णद्रौणिकृपादयः ।
अभ्यवर्तन्त सहिताः परीप्सन्तो नराधिपम् ॥४३॥

43. taṁ tu kṛcchragataṁ dṛṣṭvā karṇadrauṇikṛpādayaḥ ,
abhyavartanta sahitāḥ parīpsanto narādhipam.

43. tam tu kṛcchra-gatam dṛṣṭvā karṇa-drauṇi-kṛpa-ādayaḥ
abhyavartanta sahitāḥ parīpsantaḥ narādhipam

43. tu karṇa-drauṇi-kṛpa-ādayaḥ sahitāḥ tam kṛcchra-gatam
dṛṣṭvā narādhipam parīpsantaḥ abhyavartanta

43. But seeing him fallen into great difficulty, Karṇa, Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā), Kṛpa, and others advanced together, desiring to protect the king.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कृच्छ्र-गतम् (kṛcchra-gatam) - fallen into difficulty, in distress

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कर्ण-द्रौणि-कृप-आदयः (karṇa-drauṇi-kṛpa-ādayaḥ) - Refers to the prominent warriors Karṇa, Aśvatthāmā (son of Droṇa), and Kṛpa, along with other allied warriors. (Karṇa, Droṇa's son, Kṛpa and others)

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - advanced, rushed towards

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united, accompanied, together

• परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - wishing to protect (the king) (wishing to protect, desiring to obtain)

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - Duryodhana, who was in distress (the king, lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कृच्छ्र-गतम् (kṛcchra-gatam) - fallen into difficulty, in distress

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛcchra-gata

kṛcchra-gata - fallen into distress, undergone difficulty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛcchra+gata)

• kṛcchra – difficulty, trouble, distress
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived at, fallen into
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कर्ण-द्रौणि-कृप-आदयः (karṇa-drauṇi-kṛpa-ādayaḥ) - Refers to the prominent warriors Karṇa, Aśvatthāmā (son of Droṇa), and Kṛpa, along with other allied warriors. (Karṇa, Droṇa's son, Kṛpa and others)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of karṇa-drauṇi-kṛpa-ādi

karṇa-drauṇi-kṛpa-ādi - Karṇa, Drauṇi, Kṛpa, etc.

Compound type : dvandva / tatpuruṣa (karṇa+drauṇi+kṛpa+ādi)

• karṇa – Karna (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• drauṇi – Aśvatthāmā (son of Droṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṛpa – Kṛpa (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and others
  noun (masculine)

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - advanced, rushed towards

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-ava-vṛt

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect (laṅ) 3rd person plural middle voice, with prefixes abhi and ava

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united, accompanied, together

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, united, together

Past Passive Participle

From root sah (to endure) or from sahita (together)

परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - wishing to protect (the king) (wishing to protect, desiring to obtain)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parīpsat

parīpsat - wishing to protect, desirous of obtaining

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative of root āp (to obtain) with prefix pari, meaning to protect

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - Duryodhana, who was in distress (the king, lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)