महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-19, verse-34

वध्यमानं तु तत्सैन्यं पाण्डुपुत्रेण धन्विना ।
प्रायशो विमुखं सर्वं नावतिष्ठत संयुगे ॥३४॥

34. vadhyamānaṁ tu tatsainyaṁ pāṇḍuputreṇa dhanvinā ,
prāyaśo vimukhaṁ sarvaṁ nāvatiṣṭhata saṁyuge.

34. vadhyamānam tu tat sainyam pāṇḍuputreṇa dhanvinā
prāyaśaḥ vimukham sarvam na avatiṣṭhata saṃyuge

34. tu tat sarvam sainyam pāṇḍuputreṇa dhanvinā
vadhyamānam prāyaśaḥ vimukham saṃyuge na avatiṣṭhata

34. Indeed, that entire army, being struck down by Arjuna, the son of Pāṇḍu and a skilled archer, mostly turned away and did not stand firm in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being struck down, being killed, being attacked

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तत् (tat) - that

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by the son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna) (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

• धन्विना (dhanvinā) - by the archer

• प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, generally, for the most part

• विमुखम् (vimukham) - having turned away, retreating, averted

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

• न (na) - not

• अवतिष्ठत (avatiṣṭhata) - stood firm, remained, stayed

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being struck down, being killed, being attacked

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being injured

Present Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) in the passive voice with yam-pratyaya (denominative from 'vadhya' + śānac), or directly from 'han' in passive. The root 'han' takes 'vadh' as a substitute in passive forms and certain other contexts.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military force, host, relating to an army

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Subject of the sentence, acting as the subject in the clause 'na avatiṣṭhata'.

पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by the son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna) (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu (referring to the Pāṇḍavas, specifically Arjuna here)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of the father of the Pāṇḍavas), yellowish-white
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent by whom the army is struck down. Contextually, refers to Arjuna.

धन्विना (dhanvinā) - by the archer

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, armed with a bow

Possessive suffix '-vin' from 'dhanus' (bow).

Note: An epithet for Arjuna.

प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, generally, for the most part

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix '-śas'.

Note: Modifies 'vimukham'.

विमुखम् (vimukham) - having turned away, retreating, averted

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vimukha

vimukha - having the face turned away, averted, retreating, unfavorable

From 'vi' (away) + 'mukha' (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – apart, asunder, away, intensely
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• mukha – face, mouth, front, chief
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes 'sainyam'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'avatiṣṭhata'.

अवतिष्ठत (avatiṣṭhata) - stood firm, remained, stayed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of avatiṣṭha

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ava'. Imperfect (laṅ). The root 'sthā' takes the stem 'tiṣṭha' in present system.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'sainyam'.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, encounter, war

From 'sam' (together) + 'yuj' (to join).

Note: Indicates location or context.