महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-18, verse-52

तमब्रवीत्ततो यन्ता कच्चित्क्षेमं नु पार्षत ।
ईदृशं व्यसनं युद्धे न ते दृष्टं कदाचन ॥५२॥

52. tamabravīttato yantā kaccitkṣemaṁ nu pārṣata ,
īdṛśaṁ vyasanaṁ yuddhe na te dṛṣṭaṁ kadācana.

52. tam abravīt tataḥ yantā kaccit kṣemam nu pārṣata
īdṛśam vyasanam yuddhe na te dṛṣṭam kadācana

52. tataḥ yantā tam abravīt pārṣata kaccit kṣemam nu
(asti) īdṛśam vyasanam yuddhe kadācana te na dṛṣṭam

52. Then the charioteer said to him (Dhṛṣṭadyumna), 'O Pārṣata, are you well? Surely, such a misfortune in battle has never been witnessed by you before.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (him, that)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (he said, he spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon)

• यन्ता (yantā) - the charioteer (of Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (charioteer, controller)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - (are you well?) (interrogative particle (is it that? I hope that...))

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - well-being, safety (well-being, safety, welfare)

• नु (nu) - surely (indeed, now, an interrogative particle)

• पार्षत (pārṣata) - O Dhṛṣṭadyumna (O Pārṣata)

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (a misfortune) (such, of this kind)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune (misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - witnessed (seen, observed)

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever (before) (ever, at any time)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, from root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that).

यन्ता (yantā) - the charioteer (of Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (charioteer, controller)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - charioteer, driver, controller, guide

agent noun

From root yam (to control, to restrain).

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - (are you well?) (interrogative particle (is it that? I hope that...))

(indeclinable)

From kad (what) + cit (indefinite particle).

Note: Introduces a question.

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - well-being, safety (well-being, safety, welfare)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - safety, welfare, well-being, prosperity

From root kṣi (to dwell, to possess) or kṣi (to destroy, to rule).

Root: kṣi (class 1)

नु (nu) - surely (indeed, now, an interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

पार्षत (pārṣata) - O Dhṛṣṭadyumna (O Pārṣata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata; Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Patronymic.

Note: Addressing Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (a misfortune) (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, like this, of this kind

From idam (this) + dṛś (to see/appear).

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune (misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction, fall, ruin

From vi-as (to throw down).

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

Note: Agent in a passive construction (dṛṣṭam).

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - witnessed (seen, observed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, appeared

past passive participle

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicate participle.

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever (before) (ever, at any time)

(indeclinable)

From kadā (when) + cana (particle).

Note: Used with 'na' for 'never'.