महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-18, verse-11

तं निर्जित्य रणे राजन्नुलूकस्त्वरितो ययौ ।
पाञ्चालान्सृञ्जयांश्चैव विनिघ्नन्निशितैः शरैः ॥११॥

11. taṁ nirjitya raṇe rājannulūkastvarito yayau ,
pāñcālānsṛñjayāṁścaiva vinighnanniśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

11. tam nirjitya raṇe rājan ulūkaḥ tvaritaḥ yayau
pāñcālān sṛñjayān ca eva vinighnan niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

11. rājan ulūkaḥ tam raṇe nirjitya tvaritaḥ yayau
pāñcālān sṛñjayān ca eva niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ vinighnan

11. O King, having defeated him in battle, Ulūka swiftly went, striking down the Pāñcālas and Sṛñjayas with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the warrior from the previous verse) (him, that)

• निर्जित्य (nirjitya) - having defeated (having conquered, having defeated, having vanquished)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O King)

• उलूकः (ulūkaḥ) - Uluka (a warrior) (Uluka (name of a person), an owl)

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift (in action) (swift, quick, hastened)

• ययौ (yayau) - went (went, proceeded)

• पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas (a tribe/people) (the Panchalas (people from the Pañcāla kingdom))

• सृञ्जयान् (sṛñjayān) - the Sṛñjayas (a tribe/people) (the Srinjayas (a tribe allied with the Pandavas))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, even)

• विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking down (striking down, killing, slaying)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (with sharp, with sharpened)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the warrior from the previous verse) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Refers to the warrior who retreated in the previous verse.

निर्जित्य (nirjitya) - having defeated (having conquered, having defeated, having vanquished)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from √ji with prefix 'nir', suffix '-tvā' becoming '-tya' because of prefix

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Acts adverbially, indicating prior action by the subject 'ulūkaḥ'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

उलूकः (ulūkaḥ) - Uluka (a warrior) (Uluka (name of a person), an owl)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ulūka

ulūka - Uluka (name of a person), an owl

Note: Subject of 'yayau'.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift (in action) (swift, quick, hastened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - quick, swift, hastened

Past Passive Participle

From root √tvar 'to hasten, to be quick'

Root: tvar (class 1)

ययौ (yayau) - went (went, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √yā

perfect active

reduplicated perfect

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'ulūkaḥ'.

पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas (a tribe/people) (the Panchalas (people from the Pañcāla kingdom))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a descendant of Pañcāla, inhabitant of Pañcāla country

Note: Object of 'vinighnan'.

सृञ्जयान् (sṛñjayān) - the Sṛñjayas (a tribe/people) (the Srinjayas (a tribe allied with the Pandavas))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - a Sṛñjaya (name of a tribe or king)

Note: Object of 'vinighnan'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Pāñcālas and Sṛñjayas.

एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, only, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking down (striking down, killing, slaying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of √han

√han - to strike, to kill, to slay

Present Active Participle

From root √han with prefix 'vi', present stem -ghna-

Compound type : pragādi-samāsa (vi+ghnan)

• vi – apart, asunder, away
  indeclinable
• ghnan – striking, killing, slaying
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root √han (present stem ghna-)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'ulūkaḥ', indicating simultaneous action.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (with sharp, with sharpened)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, sharpened, whetted

Past Passive Participle

From root √śā/śo 'to sharpen' with prefix 'ni'

Compound type : pragādi-samāsa (ni+śita)

• ni – down, into, within
  indeclinable
• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √śā/śo, 'to sharpen'
  Root: śā (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, dart

Note: Instrument for 'vinighnan'.