महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-18, verse-61

शिखण्डिनं तु समरे भीष्ममृत्युं दुरासदम् ।
हार्दिक्यो वारयामास स्मयन्निव मुहुर्मुहुः ॥६१॥

61. śikhaṇḍinaṁ tu samare bhīṣmamṛtyuṁ durāsadam ,
hārdikyo vārayāmāsa smayanniva muhurmuhuḥ.

61. śikhaṇḍinam tu samare bhīṣmamṛtyum durāsadam
hārdikyaḥ vārayāmāsa smayan iva muhurmuhuḥ

61. hārdikyaḥ smayan iva muhurmuhuḥ samare
durāsadam bhīṣmamṛtyum śikhaṇḍinam tu vārayāmāsa

61. Hardikya repeatedly restrained Shikhandin in battle, smiling as he did so, even though Shikhandin was formidable and destined to be the cause of Bhishma's death.

Words meanings summery:

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• भीष्ममृत्युम् (bhīṣmamṛtyum) - Bhishma's death, the cause of Bhishma's death

• दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - hard to approach, formidable, difficult to overcome

• हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Kṛtavarmā (Hardikya (son of Hṛdika))

• वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - restrained, prevented, warded off

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - again and again, repeatedly

Words meanings and morphology

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a proper name); one having a top-knot or crest

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

भीष्ममृत्युम् (bhīṣmamṛtyum) - Bhishma's death, the cause of Bhishma's death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣmamṛtyu

bhīṣmamṛtyu - the death of Bhishma; cause of Bhishma's death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīṣma+mṛtyu)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mṛtyu – death, demise
  noun (masculine)

दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - hard to approach, formidable, difficult to overcome

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, inaccessible, formidable, invincible

Past Passive Participle

From dur- (bad, difficult) + ā- (prefix) + sad (to sit, approach), forms a Kṛt affix

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śikhaṇḍinam.

हार्दिक्यः (hārdikyaḥ) - Kṛtavarmā (Hardikya (son of Hṛdika))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hārdikya

hārdikya - son of Hṛdika

Taddhita derivation from Hṛdika

Note: Refers to Kṛtavarmā.

वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - restrained, prevented, warded off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vāraya

Causative stem

Causative form (णिच्) of root vṛ (class 1, parasmāipada) 'to cover, to choose'

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Periphrastic perfect using root 'as'.

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smi

smi - to smile

Present active participle

Present participle of root smi (class 1, ātmanepada) 'to smile'

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with hārdikyaḥ.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - again and again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Reduplication of 'muhuḥ'

Compound type : reduplicative (muhuḥ+muhuḥ)

• muhuḥ – repeatedly, often, again
  indeclinable