महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-18, verse-15

तावुभौ विरथौ वीरौ कुरूणां कीर्तिवर्धनौ ।
अपाक्रमेतां युद्धार्तौ प्रेक्षमाणौ परस्परम् ॥१५॥

15. tāvubhau virathau vīrau kurūṇāṁ kīrtivardhanau ,
apākrametāṁ yuddhārtau prekṣamāṇau parasparam.

15. tau ubhau virathau vīrau kurūṇām kīrti-vardhanau
apa-akrāmetām yuddha-ārthau prekṣamāṇau parasparam

15. tau ubhau vīrau kurūṇām kīrti-vardhanau virathau
yuddha-ārthau parasparam prekṣamāṇau apa-akrāmetām

15. Those two heroes, both dismounted from their chariots, who were increasing the renown of the Kurus, retreated, weary from battle and looking at each other.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• विरथौ (virathau) - chariot-less, dismounted from their chariots

• वीरौ (vīrau) - heroes, warriors

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• कीर्ति-वर्धनौ (kīrti-vardhanau) - enhancing glory, increasing fame

• अप-अक्रामेताम् (apa-akrāmetām) - they retreated, withdrew

• युद्ध-आर्थौ (yuddha-ārthau) - afflicted by battle, weary from battle, suffering from war

• प्रेक्षमाणौ (prekṣamāṇau) - looking at each other (looking, observing, watching)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually, reciprocally

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Masculine nominative dual of 'tad'

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Masculine nominative dual of 'ubha'

विरथौ (virathau) - chariot-less, dismounted from their chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of viratha

viratha - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot, dismounted from a chariot

Compound with prefix 'vi'

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+ratha)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'tau ubhau vīrau'.

वीरौ (vīrau) - heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Root: vīr (class 10)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru, descendant of Kuru

कीर्ति-वर्धनौ (kīrti-vardhanau) - enhancing glory, increasing fame

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kīrti-vardhana

kīrti-vardhana - increasing glory, promoting fame

Compound, masculine nominative dual

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kīrti+vardhana)

• kīrti – fame, glory, renown
  noun (feminine)
  From root kīrt
  Root: kīrt (class 10)
• vardhana – increasing, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root vṛdh
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'tau ubhau vīrau'.

अप-अक्रामेताम् (apa-akrāmetām) - they retreated, withdrew

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kram

Imperfect Middle

With prefix 'apa'; 3rd person dual of imperfect middle (laṅ)

Prefix: apa

Root: kram (class 1)

युद्ध-आर्थौ (yuddha-ārthau) - afflicted by battle, weary from battle, suffering from war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yuddha-ārta

yuddha-ārta - afflicted by battle, distressed by war

Compound, masculine nominative dual

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+ārta)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From root yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'tau ubhau vīrau'.

प्रेक्षमाणौ (prekṣamāṇau) - looking at each other (looking, observing, watching)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - looking at, observing, seeing

Present Middle Participle

From root īkṣ with prefix pra; masculine nominative dual

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'tau ubhau vīrau'.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually, reciprocally

(indeclinable)

Neuter accusative singular of 'paraspara' used adverbially