महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-18, verse-23

छादयामासुरथ ते तव स्यालस्य तं रथम् ।
पतंगानामिव व्राताः शरव्राता महारथम् ॥२३॥

23. chādayāmāsuratha te tava syālasya taṁ ratham ,
pataṁgānāmiva vrātāḥ śaravrātā mahāratham.

23. chādayāmāsuḥ atha te tava syālasya tam ratham
pataṅgānām iva vrātāḥ śaravrātāḥ mahāratham

23. atha te śaravrātāḥ pataṅgānām vrātāḥ iva tava
syālasya tam ratham mahāratham chādayāmāsuḥ

23. Then, those multitudes of arrows, like swarms of moths, covered the chariot of your great warrior brother-in-law, and the great warrior (himself).

Words meanings summery:

• छादयामासुः (chādayāmāsuḥ) - they covered, they enveloped

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• ते (te) - they (the swarms of arrows) (they)

• तव (tava) - your

• स्यालस्य (syālasya) - of your brother-in-law, Śakuni (of the brother-in-law)

• तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (that, him, it)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• पतङ्गानाम् (pataṅgānām) - of moths, of locusts, of birds

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• व्राताः (vrātāḥ) - swarms, multitudes, troops

• शरव्राताः (śaravrātāḥ) - swarms of arrows, multitudes of arrows

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - your brother-in-law, the great warrior (great warrior, chief charioteer)

Words meanings and morphology

छादयामासुः (chādayāmāsuḥ) - they covered, they enveloped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of chad

Periphrastic Perfect Active

3rd person plural periphrastic perfect active from the causative of √chad (class 10), formed with verbal noun 'chādayām' and auxiliary perfect 'āsuḥ' from √as.

Root: chad (class 10)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they (the swarms of arrows) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'śaravrātāḥ'.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

स्यालस्य (syālasya) - of your brother-in-law, Śakuni (of the brother-in-law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of syāla

syāla - brother-in-law (wife's brother)

तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

पतङ्गानाम् (pataṅgānām) - of moths, of locusts, of birds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pataṅga

pataṅga - moth, butterfly, bird, locust, sun

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

व्राताः (vrātāḥ) - swarms, multitudes, troops

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vrāta

vrāta - multitude, swarm, troop, band

Note: Used in comparison to 'śaravrātāḥ'.

शरव्राताः (śaravrātāḥ) - swarms of arrows, multitudes of arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śaravrāta

śaravrāta - multitude of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+vrāta)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vrāta – multitude, swarm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'chādayāmāsuḥ'.

महारथम् (mahāratham) - your brother-in-law, the great warrior (great warrior, chief charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, chief charioteer, warrior capable of fighting 10,000 bowmen

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often implying a charioteer/warrior)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'chādayāmāsuḥ', referring to Śakuni himself.