महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-18, verse-51

स वध्यमानः समरे गौतमेन महात्मना ।
कर्तव्यं न प्रजानाति मोहितः परमाहवे ॥५१॥

51. sa vadhyamānaḥ samare gautamena mahātmanā ,
kartavyaṁ na prajānāti mohitaḥ paramāhave.

51. saḥ vadhyamānaḥ samare gautamena mahātmanā
kartavyam na prajānāti mohitaḥ paramāhave

51. saḥ mahātmanā gautamena samare vadhyamānaḥ
(san) paramāhave mohitaḥ kartavyam na prajānāti

51. Being assailed in battle by the great-souled Gautama (Kṛpa), he (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) did not know what to do, utterly bewildered in that supreme conflict.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (he, that)

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being assailed (being struck, being wounded, being killed)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• गौतमेन (gautamena) - by Gautama (Kṛpa) (by Gautama)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Kṛpa) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - what to do (what ought to be done, duty)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रजानाति (prajānāti) - knows (knows, understands, recognizes)

• मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - bewildered (bewildered, deluded, confused, infatuated)

• परमाहवे (paramāhave) - in the supreme conflict (in the great battle, in the supreme conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) from the previous verse.

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being assailed (being struck, being wounded, being killed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being struck, being wounded, being killed, being slain

present passive participle

From root vadh (to strike, to kill).

Root: vadh (class 2)

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From sam-ṛ (to come together, to meet).

Root: ṛ (class 1)

गौतमेन (gautamena) - by Gautama (Kṛpa) (by Gautama)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - descendant of Gotama, a name (e.g., Kṛpa, Buddha)

Patronymic from Gotama.

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'vadhyamānaḥ'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Kṛpa) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble, possessing a great self (ātman)

Compound of mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - what to do (what ought to be done, duty)

(gerundive)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

प्रजानाति (prajānāti) - knows (knows, understands, recognizes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prajñā

From root jñā (to know) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - bewildered (bewildered, deluded, confused, infatuated)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mohita

mohita - bewildered, deluded, infatuated, confused

past passive participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, to faint), causative stem mohi.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Implies a state resulting from being bewildered.

परमाहवे (paramāhave) - in the supreme conflict (in the great battle, in the supreme conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of paramāhava

paramāhava - great battle, supreme conflict

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āhava)

• parama – highest, supreme, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• āhava – battle, war, conflict, fight
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-hu (to call together).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hu (class 3)