महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-31, verse-42

तं शरौघमहावर्तं शोणितोदं महाह्रदम् ।
तीर्णः संशप्तकान्हत्वा प्रत्यदृश्यत फल्गुनः ॥४२॥

42. taṁ śaraughamahāvartaṁ śoṇitodaṁ mahāhradam ,
tīrṇaḥ saṁśaptakānhatvā pratyadṛśyata phalgunaḥ.

42. tam śaraughamahāvartam śoṇitodam mahāhradam
tīrṇaḥ saṃśaptakān hatvā pratyadṛśyata phalgunaḥ

42. phalgunaḥ tam śaraughamahāvartam śoṇitodam
mahāhradam hatvā saṃśaptakān tīrṇaḥ pratyadṛśyata

42. Arjuna (phalguna) reappeared, having crossed that great lake of blood-water, whose mighty whirlpools were streams of arrows, after slaying the Saṃśaptakas.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the lake) (him, that, them)

• शरौघमहावर्तम् (śaraughamahāvartam) - whose mighty whirlpools were streams of arrows (of arrow-stream-great-whirl)

• शोणितोदम् (śoṇitodam) - whose waters were blood (blood-water, having blood as water)

• महाह्रदम् (mahāhradam) - that great lake (great lake)

• तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed (crossed, having crossed)

• संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (Saṃśaptakas (a group of warriors who swore to conquer or die))

• हत्वा (hatvā) - after slaying (having killed, after killing)

• प्रत्यदृश्यत (pratyadṛśyata) - reappeared (he was seen again, he reappeared)

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a name for Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the lake) (him, that, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with mahāhradam.

शरौघमहावर्तम् (śaraughamahāvartam) - whose mighty whirlpools were streams of arrows (of arrow-stream-great-whirl)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraughamahāvarta

śaraughamahāvarta - great whirlpool of arrow streams

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ogha+mahā+āvarta)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• ogha – stream, flood, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• āvarta – whirlpool, eddy, convolution
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular, acting as an adjective for mahāhradam.

शोणितोदम् (śoṇitodam) - whose waters were blood (blood-water, having blood as water)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śoṇitoda

śoṇitoda - water of blood, having blood for water

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoṇita+uda)

• śoṇita – blood, red
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śoṇ (to be red)
  Root: śoṇ (class 1)
• uda – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with mahāhradam.

महाह्रदम् (mahāhradam) - that great lake (great lake)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāhrada

mahāhrada - great lake, large pool

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hrada)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• hrada – lake, pond, deep pool
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative singular. The Devanagari shows महाह्रदम्, which is neuter.

तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed (crossed, having crossed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed, passed over, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root tṛ (to cross, pass over)

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Used here as a nominative singular masculine participle, agreeing with phalgunaḥ.

संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (Saṃśaptakas (a group of warriors who swore to conquer or die))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - those who have sworn together; a specific group of warriors in the Mahābhārata who took an oath to kill Arjuna or die trying

From saṃ-śap-kta (passive participle of 'śap' with 'sam')

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'hatvā'.

हत्वा (hatvā) - after slaying (having killed, after killing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

प्रत्यदृश्यत (pratyadṛśyata) - reappeared (he was seen again, he reappeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect, middle voice

From root dṛś, with upasarga prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: 3rd singular imperfect middle of prati-dṛś, literally 'he was seen again', meaning 'he reappeared'.

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a name for Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna; born in the month of Phālguna

Note: Subject of the sentence.