महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-31, verse-30

गिरिशृङ्गोपमश्चात्र नाराचेन निपातितः ।
मातङ्गो न्यपतद्भूमौ नदीरोध इवोष्णगे ॥३०॥

30. giriśṛṅgopamaścātra nārācena nipātitaḥ ,
mātaṅgo nyapatadbhūmau nadīrodha ivoṣṇage.

30. giriśṛṅgopamaḥ ca atra nārācena nipātitaḥ
mātaṅgaḥ nyapatat bhūmau nadīrodhaḥ iva uṣṇage

30. atra giriśṛṅgopamaḥ mātaṅgaḥ nārācena nipātitaḥ
ca bhūmau uṣṇage nadīrodhaḥ iva nyapatat

30. The elephant, huge like a mountain peak, was struck down here by an arrow. It fell to the ground just as a river bank collapses in the hot season.

Words meanings summery:

• गिरिशृङ्गोपमः (giriśṛṅgopamaḥ) - like a mountain peak, mountain-like

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, thereupon

• नाराचेन (nārācena) - by an iron arrow, by a particular kind of arrow

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, caused to fall

• मातङ्गः (mātaṅgaḥ) - elephant

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• नदीरोधः (nadīrodhaḥ) - river-bank, embankment of a river

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उष्णगे (uṣṇage) - in the hot season (referring to a dry season when river banks are prone to collapse) (in the hot season, in the hot (river))

Words meanings and morphology

गिरिशृङ्गोपमः (giriśṛṅgopamaḥ) - like a mountain peak, mountain-like

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of giriśṛṅgopama

giriśṛṅgopama - like a mountain peak

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'upama' (likeness) combined with 'giriśṛṅga' (mountain peak)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (giriśṛṅga+upama)

• giriśṛṅga – mountain peak
  noun (neuter)
  Tatpuruṣa compound of 'giri' (mountain) and 'śṛṅga' (peak)
• upama – likeness, comparison; like, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'mā' (to measure) with prefix 'upa'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the elephant (mātaṅgaḥ).

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pronominal stem 'a-' (this) with suffix '-tra'

नाराचेन (nārācena) - by an iron arrow, by a particular kind of arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nārāca

nārāca - an iron arrow, a particular kind of arrow (often described as being made entirely of iron)

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, caused to fall

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ni', causative stem 'pātayi-', then suffix '-ta'

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mātaṅgaḥ'.

मातङ्गः (mātaṅgaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātaṅga

mātaṅga - elephant; a man of the lowest caste (caṇḍāla)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice; root 'pat' with prefix 'ni'. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

नदीरोधः (nadīrodhaḥ) - river-bank, embankment of a river

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadīrodha

nadīrodha - river-bank, embankment of a river

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'nadī' (river) and 'rodha' (bank, obstruction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nadī+rodha)

• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• rodha – obstructing, stopping; bank, mound
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rudh' (to obstruct)
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उष्णगे (uṣṇage) - in the hot season (referring to a dry season when river banks are prone to collapse) (in the hot season, in the hot (river))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of uṣṇaga

uṣṇaga - hot-going, hot-season river, (by context, during the hot/dry season)

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'uṣṇa' (hot) and 'ga' (going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uṣṇa+ga)

• uṣṇa – hot, warm
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'uṣ' (to burn)
  Root: uṣ (class 1)
• ga – going, moving; what goes
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied 'kāle' (time) or 'nadye' (river) in the locative case. The sense is 'in the hot season'.