महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-31, verse-22

रथिना ताडितो नागो नाराचेनापतद्व्यसुः ।
सारोहश्चापतद्वाजी गजेनाताडितो भृशम् ॥२२॥

22. rathinā tāḍito nāgo nārācenāpatadvyasuḥ ,
sārohaścāpatadvājī gajenātāḍito bhṛśam.

22. rathinā tāḍitaḥ nāgaḥ nārācena apatat vyasuḥ
sa-ārohaḥ ca apatat vājī gajena ātāḍitaḥ bhṛśam

22. rathinā nārācena tāḍitaḥ nāgaḥ vyasuḥ apatat ca
gajena bhṛśam ātāḍitaḥ sa-ārohaḥ vājī apatat

22. An elephant, struck by a charioteer with an iron arrow, fell lifeless. And a horse, severely struck by an elephant, fell along with its rider.

Words meanings summery:

• रथिना (rathinā) - by the charioteer, by one who has a chariot

• ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, beaten, hit

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake, mountain, cloud)

• नाराचेन (nārācena) - by an iron arrow, by an arrow

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

• व्यसुः (vyasuḥ) - lifeless, dead

• स-आरोहः (sa-ārohaḥ) - with its rider, having a rider

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

• वाजी (vājī) - horse, swift one

• गजेन (gajena) - by an elephant

• आताडितः (ātāḍitaḥ) - struck, severely beaten

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, severely, much

Words meanings and morphology

रथिना (rathinā) - by the charioteer, by one who has a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who has a chariot, warrior (in a chariot)

Formed from 'ratha' (chariot) with the suffix '-in' (possessing)

ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, beaten, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāḍita

tāḍita - struck, beaten, hit, injured

Past Passive Participle

Root 'tāḍ' (to strike, beat) + suffix '-kta' (ta)

Root: tāḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgaḥ'

नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake, mountain, cloud)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - elephant, snake, mountain, cloud, a mythical serpent-being

Derived from 'naga' (mountain, tree) with 'a' suffix, or root 'nag' (to move)

Note: Subject of the first clause

नाराचेन (nārācena) - by an iron arrow, by an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nārāca

nārāca - iron arrow, arrow, dart

Note: Instrument of striking

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

व्यसुः (vyasuḥ) - lifeless, dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyasu

vyasu - lifeless, dead, breathless

Bahuvrihi compound: 'vi' (without) + 'asu' (life, breath)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+asu)

• vi – without, apart, opposite
  indeclinable
• asu – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgaḥ'

स-आरोहः (sa-ārohaḥ) - with its rider, having a rider

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-āroha

sa-āroha - with a rider, having a rider

Bahuvrihi compound: 'sa' (with) + 'āroha' (rider)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+āroha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• āroha – rider, mounting, ascent
  noun (masculine)
  Root 'ruh' (to ascend) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vājī'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

वाजी (vājī) - horse, swift one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, strong, an arrow

From 'vāja' (strength, speed) + suffix '-in'

Note: Subject of the second clause

गजेन (gajena) - by an elephant

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

Root 'gaj' (to sound, roar) or 'gajj' (to be confused)

Root: gaj (class 1)

Note: Agent of striking the horse

आताडितः (ātāḍitaḥ) - struck, severely beaten

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātāḍita

ātāḍita - struck, beaten, severely injured

Past Passive Participle

Prefix 'ā' (completely, severely) + root 'tāḍ' (to strike, beat) + suffix '-kta' (ta)

Prefix: ā

Root: tāḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'vājī'

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, severely, much

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of the adjective 'bhṛśa'

Note: Modifies 'ātāḍitaḥ'