महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-31, verse-33

सर्वमाविग्नमभवन्न प्राज्ञायत किंचन ।
सैन्ये च रजसा ध्वस्ते निर्मर्यादमवर्तत ॥३३॥

33. sarvamāvignamabhavanna prājñāyata kiṁcana ,
sainye ca rajasā dhvaste nirmaryādamavartata.

33. sarvam āvignam abhavat na prājñāyata kiṃcana
sainye ca rajasā dhvaste nirmaryādam avartata

33. sarvam āvignam abhavat kiṃcana na prājñāyata ca sainye rajasā dhvaste (sati),
nirmaryādam avartata

33. Everything became agitated and confused; nothing could be clearly perceived. And with the army obscured by dust, all actions proceeded without restraint.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire, everything

• आविग्नम् (āvignam) - agitated, distressed, confused, bewildered

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, existed

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - could be discerned (was known, was perceived, was understood)

• किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything (in a negative construction, means "nothing") (anything, something, whatever)

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, in the host

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (referring to the dust of battle) (by dust, by passion, by impurity)

• ध्वस्ते (dhvaste) - obscured, overwhelmed (by dust) (destroyed, overwhelmed, fallen, scattered)

• निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - without limit, without restraint, lawlessly, unboundedly

• अवर्तत (avartata) - proceeded, happened, took place, existed

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire, every, everything

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

आविग्नम् (āvignam) - agitated, distressed, confused, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvigna

āvigna - agitated, distressed, confused, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vij' (to tremble) with prefix 'ā', suffix '-na'

Prefix: ā

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sarvam'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'prājñāyata'.

प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - could be discerned (was known, was perceived, was understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, passive voice; root 'jñā' with prefix 'pra'. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything (in a negative construction, means "nothing") (anything, something, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃcana

kiṁcana - anything, something, whatever

Indefinite pronoun, combination of 'kim' (what) and 'cana' (even)

Note: Subject of 'prājñāyata'.

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, in the host

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force; relating to an army

From 'senā' (army) + suffix '-ya'

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction 'sainye rajasā dhvaste'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (referring to the dust of battle) (by dust, by passion, by impurity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, cloud; menstrual fluid; the quality of passion/activity (rajas)

Note: Agent in the locative absolute construction.

ध्वस्ते (dhvaste) - obscured, overwhelmed (by dust) (destroyed, overwhelmed, fallen, scattered)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhvasta

dhvasta - destroyed, overwhelmed, fallen, scattered, covered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhvaṃs' (to fall, perish) with suffix '-ta'

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainye' in the locative absolute construction.

निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - without limit, without restraint, lawlessly, unboundedly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirmaryāda

nirmaryāda - without limit, without restraint, lawless, boundless

Avyayībhāva compound (or Bahuvrīhi used adverbially): 'nis' (without) + 'maryādā' (limit, boundary)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+maryādā)

• nis – out, forth, without, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition
• maryādā – limit, boundary, restriction, rule, decorum
  noun (feminine)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'avartata'.

अवर्तत (avartata) - proceeded, happened, took place, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, middle (ātmanepada) voice. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

Root: vṛt (class 1)