महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-31, verse-31

तथैव रथिनं नागः क्षरन्गिरिरिवारुजत् ।
अध्यतिष्ठत्पदा भूमौ सहाश्वं सहसारथिम् ॥३१॥

31. tathaiva rathinaṁ nāgaḥ kṣarangiririvārujat ,
adhyatiṣṭhatpadā bhūmau sahāśvaṁ sahasārathim.

31. tathaiva rathinam nāgaḥ kṣaran giriḥ iva arujat
adhyatiṣṭhat padā bhūmau sahāśvam sahasārathim

31. tathaiva nāgaḥ kṣaran giriḥ iva rathinam arujat
(saḥ) padā bhūmau sahāśvam sahasārathim adhyatiṣṭhat

31. In the same way, an elephant, gushing (ichor) like a mountain, crushed the charioteer. It then stood with its foot on the ground, upon the horse and the charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way, similarly, just so

• रथिनम् (rathinam) - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, one possessing a chariot

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (in a war context) (elephant; serpent, cobra)

• क्षरन् (kṣaran) - gushing (ichor) (flowing, streaming, trickling, oozing)

• गिरिः (giriḥ) - mountain, hill

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अरुजत् (arujat) - crushed, broke, shattered

• अध्यतिष्ठत् (adhyatiṣṭhat) - stood upon, stood over, ascended

• पदा (padā) - by foot, with the foot

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• सहाश्वम् (sahāśvam) - with the horse, accompanied by the horse

• सहसारथिम् (sahasārathim) - with the charioteer, accompanied by the charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way, similarly, just so

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'tathā' (thus) and 'eva' (indeed)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+eva)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
  Adverb from pronominal stem 'tad'
• eva – indeed, certainly, only, just
  indeclinable

रथिनम् (rathinam) - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, one possessing a chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, one possessing a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'

Note: Object of 'arujat'.

नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (in a war context) (elephant; serpent, cobra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - elephant; serpent, cobra; a specific kind of mythological being

Note: Subject of the sentence.

क्षरन् (kṣaran) - gushing (ichor) (flowing, streaming, trickling, oozing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣarat

kṣarat - flowing, streaming, trickling, oozing

Present Active Participle

From root 'kṣar' (to flow, trickle) with suffix '-at'

Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgaḥ'. Implies the elephant is in rut or enraged, gushing ichor.

गिरिः (giriḥ) - mountain, hill

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Part of the simile 'girir iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the simile 'girir iva'.

अरुजत् (arujat) - crushed, broke, shattered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ruj

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

Root: ruj (class 6)

अध्यतिष्ठत् (adhyatiṣṭhat) - stood upon, stood over, ascended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice; root 'sthā' with prefix 'adhi'. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

पदा (padā) - by foot, with the foot

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pad

pad - foot, step, mark

Note: Instrumental singular of 'pad' (foot).

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

सहाश्वम् (sahāśvam) - with the horse, accompanied by the horse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahāśva

sahāśva - with the horse, accompanied by the horse

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'saha' (with) + 'aśva' (horse)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+aśva)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as object of `adhyatiṣṭhat`.

सहसारथिम् (sahasārathim) - with the charioteer, accompanied by the charioteer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahasārathi

sahasārathi - with the charioteer, accompanied by the charioteer

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'saha' (with) + 'sārathi' (charioteer)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+sārathi)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as object of `adhyatiṣṭhat`.