महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-31, verse-13

अपतत्कुञ्जरादन्यो हयादन्यस्त्ववाक्शिराः ।
नरो बाणेन निर्भिन्नो रथादन्यश्च मारिष ॥१३॥

13. apatatkuñjarādanyo hayādanyastvavākśirāḥ ,
naro bāṇena nirbhinno rathādanyaśca māriṣa.

13. apatat kuñjarāt anyaḥ hayāt anyaḥ tu avākśirāḥ
naraḥ bāṇena nirbhinnaḥ rathāt anyaḥ ca māriṣa

13. māriṣa,
anyaḥ kuñjarāt apatat; tu anyaḥ hayāt avākśirāḥ [apatat]; ca naraḥ bāṇena nirbhinnaḥ [apatat]; ca anyaḥ rathāt [apatat]

13. Another man fell from an elephant, and another, headlong, from a horse. A man pierced by an arrow, and still another, (fell) from a chariot, O venerable one.

Words meanings summery:

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, dropped

• कुञ्जरात् (kuñjarāt) - from an elephant

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other, someone else

• हयात् (hayāt) - from a horse

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other, someone else

• तु (tu) - and, also (joining the list of fallen) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• अवाक्शिराः (avākśirāḥ) - falling headlong (head downwards, headfirst, inverted)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person, a warrior

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow, with an arrow

• निर्भिन्नः (nirbhinnaḥ) - pierced, split, broken through

• रथात् (rathāt) - from a chariot

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other, someone else

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (spoken by Saṃjaya) (O venerable one, O respected one)

Words meanings and morphology

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, dropped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

imperfect (laṅ)

3rd person singular imperfect of √pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Implied for all subjects in the verse.

कुञ्जरात् (kuñjarāt) - from an elephant

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

Note: Source of falling.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other, someone else

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

हयात् (hayāt) - from a horse

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of haya

haya - horse

From √hi (to go, to move swiftly).

Root: hi (class 3)

Note: Source of falling.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other, someone else

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

तु (tu) - and, also (joining the list of fallen) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

अवाक्शिराः (avākśirāḥ) - falling headlong (head downwards, headfirst, inverted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avākśiras

avākśiras - having the head downwards, headfirst

Formed from 'avac' (downwards) + 'śiras' (head).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avac+śiras)

• avac – downwards, below
  indeclinable
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'anyaḥ'.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person, a warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, warrior

बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow, with an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of piercing.

निर्भिन्नः (nirbhinnaḥ) - pierced, split, broken through

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirbhinna

nirbhinna - pierced, cleft, broken, split

Past Passive Participle

From 'nis-bhid' (to pierce, split).

Prefix: nis

Root: bhid (class 7)

रथात् (rathāt) - from a chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, warrior on a chariot

Note: Source of falling.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other, someone else

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects this to the list of fallen.

मारिष (māriṣa) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (spoken by Saṃjaya) (O venerable one, O respected one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - venerable, respected, worthy (used as a respectful address)

Derived from √mṛṣ (to bear, endure).

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)