महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-31, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
प्रतिघातं तु सैन्यस्य नामृष्यत वृकोदरः ।
सोऽभिनद्बाह्लिकं षष्ट्या कर्णं च दशभिः शरैः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
pratighātaṁ tu sainyasya nāmṛṣyata vṛkodaraḥ ,
so'bhinadbāhlikaṁ ṣaṣṭyā karṇaṁ ca daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca pratighātam tu sainyasya na amṛṣyata vṛkodaraḥ
saḥ abhinat bāhlikam ṣaṣṭyā karṇam ca daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tu vṛkodaraḥ sainyasya pratighātam na amṛṣyata
saḥ ṣaṣṭyā bāhlikam ca daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ karṇam abhinat

1. Saṃjaya said: However, Vṛkodara (Bhīma) could not tolerate the counter-attack against the army. He struck Bāhlika with sixty arrows and Karṇa with ten arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (Saṃjaya (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• प्रतिघातम् (pratighātam) - the counter-attack (counter-attack, retaliation, blow)

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

• सैन्यस्य (sainyasya) - against the army (genitive of object/relation) (of the army)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अमृष्यत (amṛṣyata) - he could not tolerate (he did not tolerate, he did not endure, he became impatient)

• वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Vṛkodara (Bhīma)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhīma) (he, that)

• अभिनत् (abhinat) - he struck (he struck, he pierced, he broke)

• बाह्लिकम् (bāhlikam) - Bāhlika (a Kaurava warrior) (Bāhlika (a proper name))

• षष्ट्या (ṣaṣṭyā) - with sixty (arrows) (with sixty)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (a Kaurava warrior) (Karṇa (a proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (with ten)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (Saṃjaya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular, active voice

Root 'vac' (class 2, 'adādi') with reduplication (u-vāc-) and 'a' ending.

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिघातम् (pratighātam) - the counter-attack (counter-attack, retaliation, blow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratighāta

pratighāta - counter-attack, retaliation, repulsion, blow

From 'prati' + 'han' (to strike back)

Prefix: prati

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'amṛṣyata'

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

सैन्यस्य (sainyasya) - against the army (genitive of object/relation) (of the army)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - relating to an army, an army, soldier

From 'senā' (army) + 'ya' (group suffix)

Note: Often takes genitive to denote 'against'

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

अमृष्यत (amṛṣyata) - he could not tolerate (he did not tolerate, he did not endure, he became impatient)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of mṛṣ

Imperfect tense, third person singular, middle voice

Root 'mṛṣ' (class 4, 'divādi') with augment 'a' and middle voice ending 'ta'.

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Vṛkodara (Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied, a name of Bhīma

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'amṛṣyata'

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhīma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vṛkodara

अभिनत् (abhinat) - he struck (he struck, he pierced, he broke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bhid

Imperfect tense, third person singular, active voice

Root 'bhid' (class 7, 'rudhādigana') with prefix 'abhi', augment 'a', and 't' ending (from 'at'). 'n' infix for class 7.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhid (class 7)

बाह्लिकम् (bāhlikam) - Bāhlika (a Kaurava warrior) (Bāhlika (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāhlika

bāhlika - Bāhlika (name of a king, uncle of Duryodhana), a person from Bāhlika (Bactria)

Note: Object of 'abhinat'

षष्ट्या (ṣaṣṭyā) - with sixty (arrows) (with sixty)

(numeral)

Note: Implied 'arrow' (śaraiḥ) is understood from context, or takes instrumental directly to mean 'by means of sixty'.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (a Kaurava warrior) (Karṇa (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a celebrated warrior, son of Kunti and Surya), ear

Note: Object of 'abhinat'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (with ten)

(numeral)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Instrumental plural, means 'by means of arrows'.