वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-8

आत्मानं त्वभ्यनुज्ञातमवेक्ष्यार्तः स सारथिः ।
सुमन्त्रः पुरुषव्याघ्रमैक्ष्वाकमिदमब्रवीत् ॥८॥

8. ātmānaṃ tvabhyanujñātamavekṣyārtaḥ sa sārathiḥ ,
sumantraḥ puruṣavyāghramaikṣvākamidamabravīt.

8. ātmānam tu abhyanujñātam avekṣya ārtaḥ sa sārathiḥ
sumantraḥ puruṣavyāghram aikṣvākam idam abravīt

8. tu sa ārtaḥ sārathiḥ sumantraḥ ātmānam abhyanujñātam
avekṣya idam puruṣavyāghram aikṣvākam abravīt

8. But that distressed charioteer, Sumantra, seeing himself (ātman) dismissed, spoke these words to the Ikṣvāku scion, that tiger among men.

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (as a reflexive pronoun) (self, soul, spirit)

• तु (tu) - introduces a new clause, 'but' (but, however, and, moreover)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातम् (abhyanujñātam) - dismissed (by Rāma) (dismissed, permitted, allowed)

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen (himself dismissed) (having seen, having observed, having looked at)

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - emotionally distressed (due to the situation) (distressed, suffering, afflicted)

• स (sa) - that (charioteer) (he, that)

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - Sumantra, Rāma's charioteer (charioteer)

• सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - The specific charioteer, Sumantra (Sumantra (proper name))

• पुरुषव्याघ्रम् (puruṣavyāghram) - Rāma, described as a powerful and heroic man (tiger among men, best of men)

• ऐक्ष्वाकम् (aikṣvākam) - Rāma, who belongs to the Ikṣvāku dynasty (descendant of Ikṣvāku)

• इदम् (idam) - these words (referring to what follows) (this, these)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (as a reflexive pronoun) (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, essence (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of `avekṣya` and refers to the subject `sārathiḥ`.

तु (tu) - introduces a new clause, 'but' (but, however, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अभ्यनुज्ञातम् (abhyanujñātam) - dismissed (by Rāma) (dismissed, permitted, allowed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, consented, dismissed

Past Passive Participle

From root `jñā` (to know) with prefixes `abhi` (towards) and `anu` (after, along).

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen (himself dismissed) (having seen, having observed, having looked at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefix `ava` (down, away) and `ya` suffix (lyap).

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb `abravīt`.

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - emotionally distressed (due to the situation) (distressed, suffering, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained, hurt

Past Passive Participle

From root `ṛ` (to go, move) or `ṛt` (to pain), often with `ā` prefix.

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Functions as an attribute of the charioteer.

स (sa) - that (charioteer) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the charioteer.

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - Sumantra, Rāma's charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

From `sa-ratha` (with a chariot).

सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - The specific charioteer, Sumantra (Sumantra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (a proper name, usually referring to Dasaratha's minister and charioteer)

Compound `su` (good) + `mantra` (counsel).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mantra)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating goodness or ease.
• mantra – counsel, advice, sacred utterance, hymn (mantra)
  noun (masculine)
  From root `man` (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

पुरुषव्याघ्रम् (puruṣavyāghram) - Rāma, described as a powerful and heroic man (tiger among men, best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, foremost man

Compound `puruṣa` (man) + `vyāghra` (tiger).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, male, person, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to `aikṣvākam`. Object of `abravīt`.

ऐक्ष्वाकम् (aikṣvākam) - Rāma, who belongs to the Ikṣvāku dynasty (descendant of Ikṣvāku)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aikṣvāka

aikṣvāka - a descendant of Ikṣvāku, belonging to the Ikṣvāku dynasty

Patronymic derivative from Ikṣvāku.

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

इदम् (idam) - these words (referring to what follows) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root `brū` (to speak), imperfect tense (laṅ) with augment `a-`.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

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