वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-66

ततस्तैश्चोदिता सा नौः कर्णधारसमाहिता ।
शुभस्फ्यवेगाभिहता शीघ्रं सलिलमत्यगात् ॥६६॥

66. tatastaiścoditā sā nauḥ karṇadhārasamāhitā ,
śubhasphyavegābhihatā śīghraṃ salilamatyagāt.

66. tataḥ taiḥ coditā sā nauḥ karṇadhārasamāhitā
śubhasphyavegābhihatā śīghram salilam atyagāt

66. tataḥ taiḥ coditā karṇadhārasamāhitā
śubhasphyavegābhihatā sā nauḥ śīghram salilam atyagāt

66. Then, that boat, urged by them, steered well by the helmsman (karṇadhāra), and propelled by the swift and good strokes of the oars, swiftly crossed over the water.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from there)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by the boatmen (nāvikān) (by them)

• चोदिता (coditā) - urged, impelled, prompted

• सा (sā) - that (boat) (that, she)

• नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

• कर्णधारसमाहिता (karṇadhārasamāhitā) - well-steered by the helmsman (skillfully guided by the helmsman)

• शुभस्फ्यवेगाभिहता (śubhasphyavegābhihatā) - propelled by the swift and good strokes of the oars (propelled by the auspicious/good speed/stroke of the oars)

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• सलिलम् (salilam) - water

• अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - crossed over (passed over, crossed, transcended)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by the boatmen (nāvikān) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'coditā'.

चोदिता (coditā) - urged, impelled, prompted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of codita

codita - urged, prompted, impelled

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'cud' (causative stem)

Root: cud (class 10)

सा (sā) - that (boat) (that, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'nauḥ'.

नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

कर्णधारसमाहिता (karṇadhārasamāhitā) - well-steered by the helmsman (skillfully guided by the helmsman)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of karṇadhārasamāhita

karṇadhārasamāhita - well-arranged/steadied by the helmsman

Compound. 'karṇadhāra' (helmsman) + 'samāhita' (well-placed, composed, concentrated) - here implying well-steered or controlled.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇadhāra+samāhita)

• karṇadhāra – helmsman, pilot
  noun (masculine)
  karṇa (ear, rudder) + dhāra (holder)
• samāhita – well-fixed, collected, composed, attentive, well-directed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  prefix sam-ā + root dhā (to place, put)
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

शुभस्फ्यवेगाभिहता (śubhasphyavegābhihatā) - propelled by the swift and good strokes of the oars (propelled by the auspicious/good speed/stroke of the oars)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śubhasphyavegābhihata

śubhasphyavegābhihata - struck/propelled by the speed of good oars

Past Passive Participle

Compound: 'śubha' (good, auspicious) + 'sphya' (oar) + 'vega' (speed, impulse) + 'abhihata' (struck, impelled).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śubha+sphya+vega+abhihata)

• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
• sphya – oar, paddle
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)
• abhihata – struck, smitten, impelled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  prefix abhi + root han (to strike)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: han (class 2)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'atyagāt'.

सलिलम् (salilam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water

अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - crossed over (passed over, crossed, transcended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of atigam

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular imperfect active of root 'gam' with prefix 'ati'

Prefix: ati

Root: gam (class 1)

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