वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-2

भास्करोदयकालो ऽयं गता भगवती निशा ।
असौ सुकृष्णो विहगः कोकिलस्तात कूजति ॥२॥

2. bhāskarodayakālo'yaṃ gatā bhagavatī niśā ,
asau sukṛṣṇo vihagaḥ kokilastāta kūjati.

2. bhāskarodayakālaḥ ayam gatā bhagavatī niśā
asau sukṛṣṇaḥ vihagaḥ kokilaḥ tāta kūjati

2. ayam bhāskarodayakālaḥ.
bhagavatī niśā gatā.
tāta,
asau sukṛṣṇaḥ vihagaḥ kokilaḥ kūjati

2. This is the time of sunrise. The venerable night has departed. O dear brother, that very dark bird, the cuckoo, is cooing.

Words meanings summery:

• भास्करोदयकालः (bhāskarodayakālaḥ) - time of sunrise

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• गता (gatā) - gone, departed, passed

• भगवती (bhagavatī) - venerable, divine, fortunate (feminine)

• निशा (niśā) - night

• असौ (asau) - that, he (more distant)

• सुकृष्णः (sukṛṣṇaḥ) - very black, intensely dark

• विहगः (vihagaḥ) - bird, one who moves in the sky

• कोकिलः (kokilaḥ) - cuckoo

• तात (tāta) - O dear brother (used affectionately for a junior) (O dear one, O father)

• कूजति (kūjati) - he/she/it coos, sings

Words meanings and morphology

भास्करोदयकालः (bhāskarodayakālaḥ) - time of sunrise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāskarodayakāla

bhāskarodayakāla - time of sunrise

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'bhāskara' (sun) + 'udaya' (rising) + 'kāla' (time).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhāskara+udaya+kāla)

• bhāskara – sun, creator of light
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rising, ascent, appearance, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

गता (gatā) - gone, departed, passed

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived, reached, past

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'gam'.

Root: gam (class 1)

भगवती (bhagavatī) - venerable, divine, fortunate (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, divine, glorious, fortunate, holy

Possessive adjective from 'bhaga' (fortune).

निशा (niśā) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

असौ (asau) - that, he (more distant)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (indicating something more distant or specific)

सुकृष्णः (sukṛṣṇaḥ) - very black, intensely dark

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukṛṣṇa

sukṛṣṇa - very black, intensely dark, beautiful dark

Karmadhāraya compound: 'su' (very, good) + 'kṛṣṇa' (black).

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+kṛṣṇa)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix or adverb.
• kṛṣṇa – black, dark, Krishna (proper noun)
  adjective (masculine)

विहगः (vihagaḥ) - bird, one who moves in the sky

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihaga

vihaga - bird, cloud, arrow (literally 'moving in the sky')

Compound 'vi' (sky) + '-haga' (from root 'gam', 'to go').

Compound type : tatpurusha (vi+haga)

• vi – in the sky, bird (as a stem), widely, apart
  indeclinable
• haga – going, moving
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/derivative
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go) by suffix '-ga'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

कोकिलः (kokilaḥ) - cuckoo

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kokila

kokila - cuckoo, Indian cuckoo

तात (tāta) - O dear brother (used affectionately for a junior) (O dear one, O father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, child, friend (term of endearment or respect)

कूजति (kūjati) - he/she/it coos, sings

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of kūj

Root: kūj (class 1)

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