वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-18

एतदर्थं हि राज्यानि प्रशासति नरेश्वराः ।
यदेषां सर्वकृत्येषु मनो न प्रतिहन्यते ॥१८॥

18. etadarthaṃ hi rājyāni praśāsati nareśvarāḥ ,
yadeṣāṃ sarvakṛtyeṣu mano na pratihanyate.

18. etadartham hi rājyāni praśāsati nareśvarāḥ
yat eṣām sarvakṛtyeṣu manaḥ na pratihanyate

18. nareśvarāḥ etadartham hi rājyāni praśāsati
yat eṣām manaḥ sarvakṛtyeṣu na pratihanyate

18. Indeed, kings (nara-īśvara) govern kingdoms precisely for this purpose: so that their will (manas) is not obstructed in any of their endeavors.

Words meanings summery:

• एतदर्थम् (etadartham) - for this purpose, for this reason

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

• राज्यानि (rājyāni) - kingdoms, realms

• प्रशासति (praśāsati) - they rule, they govern, they administer

• नरेश्वराः (nareśvarāḥ) - lords of men, kings

• यत् (yat) - that, so that

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these kings (of these, their)

• सर्वकृत्येषु (sarvakṛtyeṣu) - in all deeds/actions/endeavors

• मनः (manaḥ) - their will (manas) (mind, will, intellect)

• न (na) - not

• प्रतिहन्यते (pratihanyate) - is thwarted, is obstructed, is opposed

Words meanings and morphology

एतदर्थम् (etadartham) - for this purpose, for this reason

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (etad+artha)

• etad – this
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, sake
  noun (masculine)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

राज्यानि (rājyāni) - kingdoms, realms

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

प्रशासति (praśāsati) - they rule, they govern, they administer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pra-śās

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

नरेश्वराः (nareśvarāḥ) - lords of men, kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nareśvara

nareśvara - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human, person
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

यत् (yat) - that, so that

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as a conjunction introducing a purpose clause.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these kings (of these, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

सर्वकृत्येषु (sarvakṛtyeṣu) - in all deeds/actions/endeavors

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvakṛtya

sarvakṛtya - all deeds, every action

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+kṛtya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• kṛtya – deed, action, business, duty
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

मनः (manaḥ) - their will (manas) (mind, will, intellect)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, will, desire

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रतिहन्यते (pratihanyate) - is thwarted, is obstructed, is opposed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of prati-han

Prefix: prati

Root: han (class 2)

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