वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-19

तद् यथा स महाराजो नालीकमधिगच्छति ।
न च ताम्यति दुःखेन सुमन्त्र कुरु तत्तथा ॥१९॥

19. tad yathā sa mahārājo nālīkamadhigacchati ,
na ca tāmyati duḥkhena sumantra kuru tattathā.

19. tat yathā saḥ mahārājaḥ nālīkam adhigacchati
na ca tāmyati duḥkhena sumantra kuru tat tathā

19. O Sumantra, act in such a way that the great king does not experience pain or become distressed by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the manner of acting) (that, therefore)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, in such a way that (as, just as, according to)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the great king) (he, that)

• महाराजः (mahārājaḥ) - the great king (Daśaratha) (great king, emperor)

• नालीकम् (nālīkam) - pain, sorrow (pain, sorrow, lotus (rare in this context))

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - experiences, perceives (obtains, reaches, understands, experiences)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (connecting two negative clauses) (and, also)

• ताम्यति (tāmyati) - becomes distressed, pines away (becomes distressed, faints, becomes weary)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by means of sorrow or suffering (by sorrow, by suffering, with pain)

• सुमन्त्र (sumantra) - O Sumantra (the charioteer) (having good counsel; (as a proper noun) Sumantra)

• कुरु (kuru) - do, act (do, make)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the king's well-being) (that, it)

• तथा (tathā) - in that manner (as described previously: that he experiences no pain) (so, thus, in that manner)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the manner of acting) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: It is used here as an object of 'kuru', referring to the manner of action.

यथा (yathā) - just as, in such a way that (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a clause describing the manner or condition.

सः (saḥ) - he (the great king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Daśaratha.

महाराजः (mahārājaḥ) - the great king (Daśaratha) (great king, emperor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the clauses 'nālīkam adhigacchati' and 'tāmyati'.

नालीकम् (nālīkam) - pain, sorrow (pain, sorrow, lotus (rare in this context))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nālīka

nālīka - pain, sorrow, lotus

Note: Object of 'adhigacchati'.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - experiences, perceives (obtains, reaches, understands, experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

root gam with prefix adhi

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a negative sense with 'na'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation.

च (ca) - and (connecting two negative clauses) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

ताम्यति (tāmyati) - becomes distressed, pines away (becomes distressed, faints, becomes weary)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tam

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Used in a negative sense with 'na'.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by means of sorrow or suffering (by sorrow, by suffering, with pain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Indicates the cause or means of distress.

सुमन्त्र (sumantra) - O Sumantra (the charioteer) (having good counsel; (as a proper noun) Sumantra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - having good counsel; (proper noun) Sumantra

Note: Address to Sumantra.

कुरु (kuru) - do, act (do, make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Command from Rāma to Sumantra.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the king's well-being) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'kuru'.

तथा (tathā) - in that manner (as described previously: that he experiences no pain) (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

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