वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-78

गतं तु गङ्गापरपारमाशु रामं सुमन्त्रः प्रततं निरीक्ष्य ।
अध्वप्रकर्षाद्विनिवृत्तदृष्टिर्मुमोच बाष्पं व्यथितस्तपस्वी ॥७८॥

78. gataṃ tu gaṅgāparapāramāśu rāmaṃ sumantraḥ pratataṃ nirīkṣya ,
adhvaprakarṣādvinivṛttadṛṣṭirmumoca bāṣpaṃ vyathitastapasvī.

78. gatam tu gaṅgāparapāram āśu
rāmam sumantraḥ pratatam nirīkṣya
adhvaprkarṣāt vinivṛttadṛṣṭiḥ
mumoca bāṣpam vyathitaḥ tapasvī

78. sumantraḥ tapasvī vyathitaḥ tu
āśu gaṅgāparapāram gatam rāmam
pratatam nirīkṣya adhvaprakarṣāt
vinivṛttadṛṣṭiḥ bāṣpam mumoca

78. Sumantra, distressed and miserable (tapasvī), continuously watched Rama, who had swiftly crossed to the other side of the Gaṅgā. As his gaze finally turned away due to the vast distance, he shed tears.

Words meanings summery:

• गतम् (gatam) - who had gone (gone, having gone)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

• गङ्गापरपारम् (gaṅgāparapāram) - to the other side of the Ganga

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

• सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - Sumantra (name of Dasharatha's charioteer)

• प्रततम् (pratatam) - continuously, constantly

• निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, having observed, having gazed

• अध्वप्र्कर्षात् (adhvaprkarṣāt) - due to the great distance of the path

• विनिवृत्तदृष्टिः (vinivṛttadṛṣṭiḥ) - with gaze turned back/away

• मुमोच (mumoca) - he released, he shed, he let go

• बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tears

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - miserable, unfortunate (referring to Sumantra's state) (ascetic, sage; miserable, unfortunate)

Words meanings and morphology

गतम् (gatam) - who had gone (gone, having gone)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go). Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with Rāmam.

Root: gam (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

गङ्गापरपारम् (gaṅgāparapāram) - to the other side of the Ganga

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gaṅgāparapāra

gaṅgāparapāra - the other side of the Ganga

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+apara+pāra)

• gaṅgā – Ganga river
  proper noun (feminine)
• apara – other, subsequent
  adjective (masculine)
• pāra – shore, bank, opposite side
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes motion towards, object of gatam

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying gatam

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the hero of Ramayana)

Note: Object of nirīkṣya

सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - Sumantra (name of Dasharatha's charioteer)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (name), a good counselor

Note: Subject of mumoca

प्रततम् (pratatam) - continuously, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying nirīkṣya

निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, having observed, having gazed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √īkṣ (to see) with prefix nir- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: nis

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Connects with mumoca

अध्वप्र्कर्षात् (adhvaprkarṣāt) - due to the great distance of the path

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of adhvaprkarṣa

adhvaprkarṣa - great distance of the path, length of the road

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhvan+prakarṣa)

• adhvan – road, path, journey
  noun (masculine)
• prakarṣa – excellence, extent, great length
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√kṛṣ (to drag, draw out).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Cause for the gaze turning away

विनिवृत्तदृष्टिः (vinivṛttadṛṣṭiḥ) - with gaze turned back/away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinivṛttadṛṣṭi

vinivṛttadṛṣṭi - one whose sight has turned away, with averted gaze

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vinivṛtta+dṛṣṭi)

• vinivṛtta – turned back, averted, ceased
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt with vi-ni-.
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• dṛṣṭi – sight, vision, eye
  noun (feminine)
  From root √dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Sumantraḥ

मुमोच (mumoca) - he released, he shed, he let go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of muc

Perfect

Derived from root √muc (to release). Perfect 3rd person singular active voice.

Root: muc (class 6)

बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāṣpa

bāṣpa - tears, steam, vapor

Note: Object of mumoca

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - agitated, distressed, troubled, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vyath (to be agitated, disturbed) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyath (class 1)

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - miserable, unfortunate (referring to Sumantra's state) (ascetic, sage; miserable, unfortunate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, sage; pitiable, miserable, unfortunate

Having tapas (asceticism), also 'miserable' in some contexts.

Note: Agrees with Sumantraḥ

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