वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-33

दैन्यं हि नगरी गच्छेद्दृष्ट्वा शून्यमिमं रथम् ।
सूतावशेषं स्वं सैन्यं हतवीरमिवाहवे ॥३३॥

33. dainyaṃ hi nagarī gaccheddṛṣṭvā śūnyamimaṃ ratham ,
sūtāvaśeṣaṃ svaṃ sainyaṃ hatavīramivāhave.

33. dainyam hi nagarī gacchet dṛṣṭvā śūnyam imam ratham
sūta-avaśeṣam svam sainyam hata-vīram iva āhave

33. nagarī hi śūnyam imam ratham dṛṣṭvā dainyam gacchet
āhave hata-vīram sūta-avaśeṣam svam sainyam iva

33. Indeed, the city would fall into misery upon seeing this empty chariot, just like an army in battle whose heroes have been slain and only the charioteer remains.

Words meanings summery:

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, wretchedness, dejection

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• नगरी (nagarī) - city, town

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - it would fall into, it would reach (it would go, it would attain)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, void

• इमम् (imam) - this (masculine)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• सूत-अवशेषम् (sūta-avaśeṣam) - with only the charioteer remaining

• स्वम् (svam) - own

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• हत-वीरम् (hata-vīram) - whose heroes are killed

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

Words meanings and morphology

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, wretchedness, dejection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - misery, wretchedness, humility, dejection

From `dīna` (wretched) + suffix `-ya`.

Note: Object of `gacchet`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

नगरी (nagarī) - city, town

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

Feminine form of `nagara`.

Note: Subject of `gacchet`.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - it would fall into, it would reach (it would go, it would attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Optative Mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Potential/conditional mood.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `dṛś` (to see) with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, void

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, deserted, absent, zero

From root `śū` (to swell, increase, be empty).

Root: śū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `ratham`.

इमम् (imam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, it

Note: Agrees with `ratham`.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `ram` (to delight) or `ṛ` (to go).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

सूत-अवशेषम् (sūta-avaśeṣam) - with only the charioteer remaining

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sūta-avaśeṣa

sūta-avaśeṣa - having the charioteer as the sole remnant, with only the charioteer left

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sūta+avaśeṣa)

• sūta – charioteer, driver, bard
  noun (masculine)
  From root `sū` (to impel, to drive).
  Root: sū (class 2)
• avaśeṣa – remnant, remainder, residue
  noun (masculine)
  From `ava-śiṣ` (to leave over).
  Prefix: ava
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `sainyam`.

स्वम् (svam) - own

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, relative, property

Note: Agrees with `sainyam`.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from `senā` (army).

Note: Object of comparison for `nagarī`.

हत-वीरम् (hata-vīram) - whose heroes are killed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hata-vīra

hata-vīra - having slain heroes, with dead warriors

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+vīra)

• hata – killed, slain, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `han` (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• vīra – hero, brave man, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `sainyam`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, conflict

From root `hu` (to sacrifice) or `hve` (to call) with `ā-`.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Adverbial locative.

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