वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-31

कथं हि त्वद्विहीनो ऽहं प्रतियास्यामि तां पुरीम् ।
तव तात वियोगेन पुत्रशोकाकुलामिव ॥३१॥

31. kathaṃ hi tvadvihīno'haṃ pratiyāsyāmi tāṃ purīm ,
tava tāta viyogena putraśokākulāmiva.

31. katham hi tvat-vihīnaḥ aham pratiyāsyāmi tām
purīm tava tāta viyogena putra-śoka-ākulām iva

31. tāta katham hi aham tvat-vihīnaḥ tava viyogena
putra-śoka-ākulām iva tām purīm pratiyāsyāmi

31. O dear one, how indeed will I, bereft of you, return to that city? It will be like a city distraught with grief over a lost son, due to your separation.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• त्वत्-विहीनः (tvat-vihīnaḥ) - devoid of you, without you

• अहम् (aham) - I

• प्रतियास्यामि (pratiyāsyāmi) - I will return, I will go back

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• पुरीम् (purīm) - city

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (O father, O dear one)

• वियोगेन (viyogena) - due to your separation (by separation, due to separation)

• पुत्र-शोक-आकुलाम् (putra-śoka-ākulām) - distressed by sorrow for a son

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

त्वत्-विहीनः (tvat-vihīnaḥ) - devoid of you, without you

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvat-vihīna

tvat-vihīna - devoid of you, without you

Compound type : tatpurusha (tvat+vihīna)

• tvat – you (ablative/genitive singular stem)
  pronoun
• vihīna – devoid, destitute, without
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `hā` (to abandon, leave) with prefix `vi-`.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hā (class 3)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

प्रतियास्यामि (pratiyāsyāmi) - I will return, I will go back

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yā

Future Tense, 1st person singular

Root `yā` with prefix `prati-`.

Prefix: prati

Root: yā (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

पुरीम् (purīm) - city

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town

Note: Object of `pratiyāsyāmi`.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

Note: Possessive.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (O father, O dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, respected elder

वियोगेन (viyogena) - due to your separation (by separation, due to separation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viyoga

viyoga - separation, disjunction, absence, loss

Derived from `vi-yuj` (to separate).

Prefix: vi

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates cause.

पुत्र-शोक-आकुलाम् (putra-śoka-ākulām) - distressed by sorrow for a son

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of putra-śoka-ākulā

putra-śoka-ākulā - distressed by the grief of a son, agitated by son's sorrow

Compound adjective describing `purīm`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka+ākulā)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root `śuc` (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• ākulā – distressed, agitated, perplexed
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of `ākula`. From `ā-kul` (to be agitated).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `purīm`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

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