वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-46, verse-1

प्रभातायां तु शर्वर्यां पृथु वृक्षा महायशाः ।
उवाच रामः सौमित्रिं लक्ष्मणं शुभलक्षणम् ॥१॥

1. prabhātāyāṃ tu śarvaryāṃ pṛthu vṛkṣā mahāyaśāḥ ,
uvāca rāmaḥ saumitriṃ lakṣmaṇaṃ śubhalakṣaṇam.

1. prabhātāyām tu śarvaryām pṛthu vṛkṣāḥ mahāyaśāḥ
uvāca rāmaḥ saumitrim lakṣmaṇam śubhalakṣaṇam

1. tu śarvaryām prabhātāyām,
pṛthu vṛkṣāḥ mahāyaśāḥ rāmaḥ saumitrim śubhalakṣaṇam lakṣmaṇam uvāca

1. And when the night dawned, the greatly renowned (mahāyaśas) Rama, amidst the vast trees, spoke to Saumitri, Lakshmana, who possessed auspicious marks.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when dawned, in the dawned

• तु (tu) - but, and, indeed

• शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

• पृथु (pṛthu) - broad, vast, extensive, great

• वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly renowned, very famous

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• सौमित्रिम् (saumitrim) - to Lakshmana (to Saumitri, to Lakshmana (son of Sumitra))

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana

• शुभलक्षणम् (śubhalakṣaṇam) - having auspicious marks, of auspicious character

Words meanings and morphology

प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when dawned, in the dawned

(participle)

Locative, feminine, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawned, arisen, clear, bright

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'bhā' (to shine) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night, darkness

पृथु (pṛthu) - broad, vast, extensive, great

(adjective)

of pṛthu

pṛthu - broad, vast, extensive, great, abundant

Note: The form 'pṛthu' does not typically agree in nominative plural masculine with 'vṛkṣāḥ' which would be 'pṛthavaḥ'. It is treated as an adjective here, describing the trees.

वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly renowned, very famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly renowned, very famous, having great glory

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'yaśas' (fame, glory).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory, honor, beauty
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper noun, the hero of the Rāmāyaṇa); pleasing, charming, black

सौमित्रिम् (saumitrim) - to Lakshmana (to Saumitri, to Lakshmana (son of Sumitra))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitra (i.e., Lakshmana)

Patronymic derived from Sumitra.

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (a proper noun, brother of Rama); having marks, auspicious

शुभलक्षणम् (śubhalakṣaṇam) - having auspicious marks, of auspicious character

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śubhalakṣaṇa

śubhalakṣaṇa - having auspicious marks, possessed of good qualities

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'śubha' (auspicious) + 'lakṣaṇa' (mark, characteristic).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śubha+lakṣaṇa)

• śubha – auspicious, propitious, beautiful, good
  adjective
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, attribute
  noun (neuter)

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